PSCI 1100 Final Test with Complete Answers
SO political action committee (PAC) - Answer-Since only $5000 can be donated from one PAC to a campaign, per election cycle, it limits the potential influence one group can have on a politician. However, there are loopholes.
SO agenda-setting - Answer-...
SO political action committee (PAC) - Answer-Since only $5000 can be donated from
one PAC to a campaign, per election cycle, it limits the potential influence one group
can have on a politician. However, there are loopholes.
SO agenda-setting - Answer-It allows the news media to influence what the public
thinks about, not what they think.
SO beat system - Answer-It allows news organizations to work more efficiently, but also
results in very similar stories from different news organizations.
SO equal time - Answer-Is meant to limit favoritism of one candidate, but there are
loopholes, such as giving one candidate more opportune ad times.
SO infotainment - Answer-The goal of infotainment is to increase revenues by drawing
readers in through more exciting stories.
SO pack journalism - Answer-Journalists all end up providing similar stories on similar
topics, which allows the news media to frame the issues that the public focuses on.
SO penny press - Answer-It allowed for cheaper production and increased audiences of
newspapers. This meant that they could move away from party sponsorships and
affiliations, therefore appealing to a wider audience.
SO prior restraint - Answer-It makes it very difficult for the government to monitor what
is published by the media, which allows the public to gain more knowledge about
government activity.
SO yellow journalism - Answer-It meant that the news was not always factual, but rather
dramatized. It allowed individuals to become wealthy and famous from owning news
empires.
SO ambivalence - Answer-It affects the opinions held by private people, because if they
are unsure about it, they may just take the side of an opinion leader that their views
normally align with, instead of putting in more effort to do research, because individuals
are often cognitive misers.
SO cognitive shortcut - Answer-Allows citizens to mostly come to the same conclusion
about a political issue, by taking cues from opinion leaders, that they would have had
, they taken the time to learn about it. Normally people use these, because they don't
want to put in the time or effort to learn about an issue.
SO core values - Answer-It helps individuals to organize their political opinions and
influences when opinion leaders they take cues from.
SO framing - Answer-It allows political leaders and the news media to direct the thinking
of the public to certain aspects. It changes what the public thinks about, not what it
thinks.
SO opinion leader - Answer-It allows the public to be more efficient when it comes to
political issues, because they can take cues from these individuals, rather than taking
time to learn for themselves.
SO mobilization - Answer-It increases political participation, which can influence
elections or other races if there is a close margin, which is why politicians spending their
time doing this.
SO performance voting - Answer-Some independents vote like this, and is why the
same party doesn't win every year, even though most people are loyal to their party
over time.
SO party identification - Answer-It is a psychological tie that allows predictions of voting
behavior. It also heavily influences which opinion leaders people take cues from.
SO collective action problem - Answer-It is one of the main reasons it is so hard to
accomplish change or political action, because individuals rarely want to compromise,
when there are so many incentives not to.
SO coordination problem - Answer-It makes it difficult to make change or political action,
because individuals cannot agree on what to do.
SO free rider problem - Answer-Governments or other groups must provide some
incentives to persuade individuals to contribute to collective action.
SO tragedy of the commons - Answer-It causes the ruination of a public good that then
has further consequences on the environment, economy, etc.
Australian ballot - Answer-A government-printed ballot with candidates from all parties
represented, to be cast in secret that many states adopted around 1890 to reduce
voting fraud associated with party-printed ballots cast in public.
duverger's law - Answer-In systems where a single winner is elected by a plurality,
strategic voting tends to reduce the number of alternatives to two. Due to strategic
behavior, third party candidates are generally unsuccessful, because they never have a
majority.
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