Brainstorming - Free-flowing generation of ideas. No censoring or discussion of ideas at this point.
Everything is acknowledged
Multivoting - Easy, quick method for determining the most popular or important items from a list.
Method uses a series of votes to cut down items to be considereded
Nominal group technique - Group-decision-making process for generating a large number of ideas in
which each member works by himself or herself.
Delphi-method - Combination of the brainstorming, multi-voting, and nominal group techniques. Used
when group members are not in one location and often is conducted by e-mail when a meeting is not
feasible.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis - A preventive approach to identify failures and opportunities for error
and can be used for process as well as equipment.
Prioritization Matrix - Tool organizes tasks, issues, or actions and prioritizes them based on agreed-upon
criteria. The tool combines the tree diagram and the L-shaped matrix diagram, displaying the best
possible effect.
Common-Cause variation - On a control chart, this type of variation is exhibited as points between the
control limits in no particular pattern.
Special-Cause variation - Variation that arises from sources that are not inherent in the process is
unpredictable. On a control chart, this type of variation is exhibited as points that fall outside the control
limits.
Root-Cause analysis - Required for sentinel events. When variation is inherent in the process and a
reduction of the variance is desired, the root cause of the variation must be identified to eliminate
tampering with the effective components of the process.
, Spaghetti Diagram - Also called a layout diagram, is a graphic representation of the flow of traffic or
movement
Checklist - Standard way to ensure completion of critical tasks for a process or activity
Value-Stream mapping - A map of the process in which only value-added steps for the customer are
retained and other waster removed.
Study the effects of change and make a decision by? - Adopting, adapting, or abandoning the specific
change
Sustain improvement by? - monitoring
Structural Measures are? - measures of infrastructure, capacity, systems, and process (nursing staff
ratios)
Process Measures - measures of process improvement. They tell whether the parts or steps in the
system are performing as planned. (timely administration of prophylactic surgical antibiotics)
Outcome Measures - Results of overall process or system performance (mortality)
Benchmarking - the comparison of an organizations or an individual practitioners results against a
reference point. Benchmarking enables the organization to set a target or goal for its performance
improvement activities.
Evidence-based medicine - The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in
making decisions about the care of individual patients.
Four stages of team development - 1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
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