Accounting - The way an organization collects- organizes- and records financial information for making
management decisions; the way to report a company's transactions and to maintain accountability for
its assets and liabilities
Accounting system - A formal communications network that supplies relevant information for planning-
control- decision-making- and evaluation,
Acid test ratio - The ratio determining how well the company's current liabilities can be satisfied by its
current assets less inventory,
Activity-based costing system - An accounting system focused on a production cycle and based on the
principles that an output needs activities to produce it and that those activities use certain resources;
assigns costs through cost drivers that the activities use to create the outputs,
Administrative lead time - A measurement used by some organizations of how long it takes to award a
contract- starting when a procurement request is received and ending when the contract is awarded,
Asset - Something a company owns that has value and that can be sold or used by the company to make
products or provide services that can be sold,
Balance sheet - Provides detailed information about a company's assets- liabilities- and shareholder
equity,
Bottom line - A company's total earnings or losses over a specific time period- after accounting for costs
and expenses; also called net income,
Burn rate - An average of the estimated costs per month- often based on staffing estimates- used for
estimating funding requirements,
, Cash flow statement - A statement reporting a company's inflow and outflow of cash; generally includes
operating activities- investing activities- and financing activities,
Competition - The effort or action of two or more commercial companies to obtain the same business
from a third party
Contingency planning - Involves "what if?" analysis to look at various situations if certain environmental
or economic conditions change
Controlling - Monitoring and evaluating how well the team and organizational objectives are pursued
and accomplished
Current - Current assets are assets which can be converted into cash within one year; current liabilities
are obligations that a business must pay within one year
Current ratio - The ratio of current assets to current liabilities
Debt-to-equity ratio - The ratio measuring the relation of debt and shareholder equity used to finance
the company's operations
Demand - Describes how buyers behave in the marketplace; the quantity a buyer demands is what a
buyer is willing to buy at a particular price
Directing - The management of people and processes to accomplish objectives
Economics - The science concerned with making decisions with scarce resources such as labor, capital,
goods, and natural resources
Electronic government (e-government) - The use by the government of the Internet and other
information technologies, together with the processes and people needed to implement them, to
enhance the delivery of information and services to the public and others to make improvements in
government operations
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