Block Grant
A broad grant of money given by the federal government to a state government. The grant specifies the general area (such as education or health services) in which the funds may be spent but leaves it to the state to determine the specific allocations
Common Core
A national set ...
Block Grant - ANSWER-A broad grant of money given by the federal government
to a state government. The grant specifies the general area (such as education or
health services) in which the funds may be spent but leaves it to the state to
determine the specific allocations
Common Core - ANSWER-A national set of education standards in mathematics
and English language arts/literacy that outline what students should know and be
able to do at the end of each grade (K-12)
Cutthroat Competition - ANSWER-Competition among states that involves
adopting policies that each state would prefer to avoid. For example, states
engage in cutthroat competition when they underbid one another on tax breaks to
attract businesses relocating their facilities
Dual Federalism - ANSWER-A system of government in which the federal
government and state governments each have mutually exclusive spheres of
action
Elastic Clause - ANSWER-Allows Congress to "make all Laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers."
Enumerated Powers - ANSWER-The explicit powers given to Congress by the
Constitution in Article I, Section 8. These include the powers of taxation, coinage
of money, regulation of commerce, and provision for the national defense
, Externality - ANSWER-Public goods or bads generated as by-products of private
activity. For example, air pollution is an externality (public bad) because it is, in
part, the by-product of the private activity of driving a car
Federalism - ANSWER-A system of government in which power is divided
between a central government and several regional governments. In the United
States the division is between the national government and the states
Grants-in-Aid - ANSWER-Funds given by Congress to state or local governments
for a specific purpose
Matching Grant - ANSWER-A grant of money given by the federal government to a
state government for which the federal government provides matching funds,
usually between one and two dollars, for every dollar the state spends in some
area
Nationalization - ANSWER-Shifting to the national government responsibilities
traditionally exercised by the states
Preemption Legislation - ANSWER-Laws passed by Congress that override or
preempt state or local policies. The power of preemption derives from the
supremacy clause (Article VI) of the Constitution
Race to the Bottom - ANSWER-When states "race," or compete, to provide a
minimum level of services (such as welfare spending) or regulation (such as tax
incentives for corporations). There remains much debate over whether or not
states do indeed race toward the bottom
Shared Federalism - ANSWER-A system in which the national and state
governments share in providing citizens with a set of goods
Tenth Amendment - ANSWER-The amendment that offers the most explicit
endorsement of federalism to be found in the Constitution, The powers not
delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people"
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