COMD 5070 EXAM 2
Questions & Answers
(RATED A+)
pressure - ANSWER-_______ = force per unit area
6, 12, 18 - ANSWER-on a laryngeal source spectrum, showing F0 and harmonics, the F0 is the first
and tallest harmonic component
-_____ dB/octave is associated with a bright, resonant voice
-_____ dB/octave is associated with a typical voice
-______ dB/octave is associated with a thin, weak voice
aperiodic, nearly periodic - ANSWER-noise is _______ in its waveform, while the human voice is
______ ________
vowels - ANSWER-Pio is equal to atmospheric pressure during the production of __________
u-tube manometer, electronic equipment, static, dynamic - ANSWER-a ________ ________ is a
tubed device containing water that is level on both sides until pressure is applied to it and displaces it
-once pressure is applied, measure the difference in height of both columns, and that will give you
the cm of water that has been displaced by pressure applied
-used to calibrate _____ ______ used to measure pressure
-measures _____ pressure but not suited for ________ pressure of speech production
,cmH2O - ANSWER-what is the pressure unit of measurement used in speech research?
pressure transducer - ANSWER-a ________ _________ is a device you stick in a person's mouth while
they speak to measure intraoral pressure
intraoral pressure, vowels, fricatives, stop consonants - ANSWER-Pio stands for _________
_________
-it is equal to atmospheric pressure for _________, elevated for ______, and highest for ______
_______
esophageal balloon - ANSWER-because the esophagus shares its anterior wall with the posterior wall
of the trachea, past researchers have indirectly measured Psub using an _________ __________
which contains a sensor that a person swallows partway into their esophagus
-this gives an indirect measure of Psub and is not commonly used today
laryngeal devoicing gesture, Pio, Psub - ANSWER-when producing a CV syllable containing a VL
bilabial stop such as /p/, the point of lip closure for /p/ produces a ______ ______ ______ or
abduction of the vocal folds, which then links the trachea and the mouth, causing ______ to equal
________
-no drop off of pressure at the larynx
5-7, 15-20 - ANSWER-Psub values typical for:
-normal speech/conversation: ____ cmH2O
-loud speech/shouting: ____ cmH2O
-clear association between Psub and SPL
because the VF are stretched very tightly for falsetto, requiring more pressure to oscillate them -
ANSWER-Psub is lower for pulse register and higher for falsetto, why might this be?
, phonation threshold pressure, 3-5, dehydration, vocal fatigue - ANSWER-PTP stands for ________
________ _________ and is the pressure needed for the VF to start vibrating
-between _______ cmH2O is needed to start, but less is needed to maintain it
-PTP increases with _______, and _______ _______
PTP - ANSWER-when the VF are dehydrated, they become less compliant/flexible.
when they are fatigued, they are swollen/bulky. this causes __________ to increase
subglottal pressure - ANSWER-Ps or Psub stands for ________ ________ and is the driving pressure
for phonation/speech
(pressure from lungs to larynx)
tracheal puncture, esophageal pressure - ANSWER-what are 2 ways you can measure subglottal
pressure (Psub)? (1 direct and 1 indirect measure)
tracheal puncture - ANSWER-in a ________ ________, a physician creates a hole in the trachea
(below the larynx) & puts a mini pressure transducer into it to measure the pressure
-provides direct & accurate measures during speech, but it is invasive and hard to attract volunteers
easy onset, harsh, abrupt onset - ANSWER-PTP is lower for _____ ______ where the VF are looser,
and is higher for _____ or ______ ______, which some people use unnecessarily
pressure, flow x resistance, resistance, pressure/flow - ANSWER-ohm's law:
-________ = ______ __ _________
or
-_________= _______ ___ ________
Rlaw - ANSWER-__________ is an abbreviation for laryngeal airway resistance
laminar, turbulent - ANSWER-________ airflow is smooth; air molecules have straight, parallel paths
-typical in wide, smooth tubes
_______ airflow is more chaotic; air molecules bounce around
