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CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (EPPP) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (EPPP) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (EPPP) QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Clinical Psychology - ANSWER - the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological and behavioral
disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - ANSWER - human behavior is motivated by unconscious
processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis - ANSWER - human beings are determined by irrational forces, unconscious
motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and psychosexual events that occur during the
first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory - ANSWER - composed of two theories: structural (drive) theory and
developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) - ANSWER - the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego, and superego
Id - ANSWER - present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives in order to
avoid tension
Ego - ANSWER - develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is available in reality
and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego - ANSWER - develops between four and five years
,- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) - ANSWER - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an individual's personality
is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with different
personality outcomes
Oral Stage - ANSWER - Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during
which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage - ANSWER - Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual
focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's
ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage - ANSWER - Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age
7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.
Latency Stage - ANSWER - Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development where sexuality is
repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact
with same sex peers.
Genital Stage - ANSWER - Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty
through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often
resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms - ANSWER - occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger through rational,
realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the id and the
superego)
, Repression - ANSWER - defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded from conscious awareness
by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation - ANSWER - defense mechanism in which one avoids an anxiety evoking instict by
doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) - ANSWER - maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that
occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy - ANSWER - goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the unconscious into
conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify, interpret, and work
through
Free Associations - ANSWER - a method in psychotherapy where a patient is encouraged to sit back,
relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and report every image or idea that enters
his/her awareness, usually in response to some word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial
stimulus
Psychic Determinism - ANSWER - belief that all behaviors are meaningful and serve some psychological
function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation - ANSWER - making statements that help the client see her behavior in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification - ANSWER - restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation - ANSWER - more explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes
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