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Test Bank for Janeway’s Immunobiology, 11th Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver/ BASIC CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY/ ALL BUNDLED TO BOOST AND EASE YOUR STUDY$20.49
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Test Bank for Janeway’s Immunobiology, 11th Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver/ BASIC CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY/ ALL BUNDLED TO BOOST AND EASE YOUR STUDY
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Course
Immunology
Institution
Immunology
Test Bank for Janeway’s Immunobiology, 11th
Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver/
BASIC CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY/ ALL
BUNDLED TO BOOST AND EASE YOUR STUDY
acquired immune response - ANSWER The response of antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen,
including the development of immunological...
Test Bank for Janeway’s Immunobiology, 11th
Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver/
BASIC CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY/ ALL
BUNDLED TO BOOST AND EASE YOUR STUDY
acquired immune response - ANSWER The response of antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen,
including the development of immunological memory. Adaptive immune responses are distinct from the
innate and nonadaptive phases of immunity, which are not mediated by clonal selection of antigen-
specific lymphocytes.
adaptive immunity - ANSWER Immunity to infection conferred by an adaptive immune response.
adenoids - ANSWER Paired mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues located in the nasal cavity.
adjuvant - ANSWER Any substance that enhances the immune response to an antigen with which it is
mixed.
afferent lymphatic vessels - ANSWER Vessels of the lymphatic system that drain extracellular fluid from
the tissues and carry antigen, macrophages, and dendritic cells from sites of infection to lymph nodes or
other peripheral lymphoid organs.
affinity maturation - ANSWER The increase in affinity for their specific antigen of the antibodies
produced as an adaptive immune response progresses. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in
secondary and subsequent immunizations.
antibody - ANSWER Each antibody molecule has a unique structure that enables it to bind specifically to
its corresponding antigen, but all antibodies have the same overall structure and are known collectively
as immunoglobulins. Antibodies are produced by differentiated B cells (plasma cells) in response to
,infection or immunization, and bind to and neutralize pathogens or prepare them for uptake and
destruction by phagocytes. Are a protein.
antigen - ANSWER Any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody or generate peptide fragments
that are recognized by a T-cell receptor.
antigen-binding site - ANSWER The site at the tip of each arm of an antibody that makes physical contact
with the antigen and binds it noncovalently. The antigen specificity of the site is determined by its shape
and the amino acids present.
antigenetic determinant - ANSWER That portion of an antigenic molecule that is bound by the antigen-
binding site of a given antibody or antigen receptor; it is also known as an epitope.
antigen-presenting cells - ANSWER (APC's) Highly specialized cells that can process antigens and display
their peptide fragments on the cell surface together with other, co-stimulatory, proteins required for
activating naive T cells. The main antigen-presenting cells for naive T cells are dendritic cells,
macrophages, and B cells.
antigen receptor - ANSWER The cell-surface receptor by which lymphocytes recognize antigen. Each
individual lymphocyte bears receptors of a single antigen specificity.
apoptosis - ANSWER A form of cell death common in the immune system, in which the cell activates an
internal death program. It is characterized by nuclear DNA degradation, nuclear degeneration and
condensation, and the rapid phagocytosis of cell remains. Proliferating lymphocytes experience high
rates of apoptosis during their development and during immune responses.
allergy - ANSWER The state in which a symptomatic immune reaction is made to a normally innocuous
environmental antigen. It involves the interaction between the antigen and antibody or primed T cells
produced by earlier exposure to the same antigen.
antigen:antibody complexes - ANSWER Noncovalently associated groups of antibody molecules bound to
their specific antigen.
appendix - ANSWER A gut-associated lymphoid tissue located at the beginning of the colon.
, autograft - ANSWER A graft of tissue from one site to another on the same individual.
autoimmune disease - ANSWER Disease in which the pathology is caused by adaptive immune responses
to self antigens.
bacteria - ANSWER A vast kingdom of unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms.
B lymphocyte - ANSWER Antigen-specific lymphocyte.The function of B cells is to produce antibodies.
Two classes: Conventional B cells have highly diverse antigen receptors and are generated in the bone
marrow throughout life, emerging to populate the blood and lymphoid tissues. B-1 cells have much less
diverse antigen receptors and form a population of self-renewing B cells in the peritoneal and pleural
cavities.
B-cell corona - ANSWER The zone of the white pulp in the spleen that is primarily made up of B cells.
bone marrow - ANSWER The tissue where all the cellular elements of the blood— red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets— are initially generated from hematopoietic stem cells. The bone marrow is
also the site of further B-cell development in mammals and the source of stem cells that give rise to T
cells on migration to the thymus. Thus, bone marrow transplantation can restore all the cellular
elements of the blood, including the cells required for adaptive immune responses.
booster immunization - ANSWER An additional immunization commonly given after a primary
immunization, to increase the amount, or titer, of antibodies.
bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues - ANSWER (BALT) Organized lymphoid tissue found in the bronchi
in some animals. Adult humans do not normally have such organized lymphoid tissue in the respiratory
tract, but it may be present in some infants and children.
bursa of Fabricius - ANSWER Lymphoid organ associated with the gut that is the site of B-cell
development in chickens.
CD4 - ANSWER The co-receptor for T-cell receptors that recognize peptide antigens bound to MHC class II
molecules. It binds to the lateral face of the MHC molecule.
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