PSCI 1101 Final Exam Questions and Answers All Correct
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Course
PSCI 1101
Institution
PSCI 1101
PSCI 1101 Final Exam Questions and Answers All Correct
What are features of the party system? - Answer--Decentralized, fragmented party coalitions
-Professional politicians
What was the first party system? - Answer--Consisted of the federalists challenging the nascent democratic-republic...
PSCI 1101 Final Exam Questions
and Answers All Correct
What are features of the party system? - Answer--Decentralized, fragmented party
coalitions
-Professional politicians
What was the first party system? - Answer--Consisted of the federalists challenging the
nascent democratic-republicans
-Faded after the war of 1812
What was the second party system? - Answer-Formed due to fallout from the election of
1824 and formation of a democratic party to counter successors to the federalist party
What was the third party system? - Answer--Emerged in the aftermath of the civil war
-As a third party the republicans became dominant in the north and challenged the
democrats
What was the fourth party system? - Answer--Developed in the 1890s
-Democrats became the party of rural interests and free silver
-Republicans consolidated urban vote
What was the fifth party system? - Answer--Developed in the aftermath of the great
depression
-Featured an urban/southern coalition democratic party against republicans
-Republicans concentrated amongst the professional classes and in the northeast and
midwest
What is the sixth party system? - Answer--We may now live in this system
-Development started with changes in nomination structure in 1970s
What are interest groups? - Answer--Organizations that try to change policy, public
opinion, or election outcomes
,-"a formally organized body of individuals, organizations, or enterprises that shares
common goals and joins in a collective attempt to influence the electoral and policy-
making processes"
Why are interest groups successful? - Answer--Single individuals have limited influence
-Overcome collective action problems
What kind of influence do interest groups have? - Answer--Link the public with policy
makers
-Give outsized influence to particular interests
How are interest groups different from political parties? - Answer--Interest groups don't
run for political office
-Rather they endorse candidates from a political party for office or endorse policy
positions
-Recall Madison's critique of factions → interest groups are factions, interest groups
endorse candidates, political parties are vehicles for getting people elected into parties
What does pluralism mean? - Answer-"assumes that conflict is at the heart of politics
and accepts that a diversity of interests will lead to consensual outcomes through the
tug-and-pull of discussion and debate"
What is the pluralist theory? - Answer--Groups of people naturally have overlapping
interests
-People form organizations to advance their interests
-Competing interests tend to "balance out" and serve the average individuals → give
something up in order to gain something
What are some problems with the pluralist theory? - Answer-Some groups tend to be
more organized than others
What is M. Olson's logic of collective action? - Answer--Argues that some interests have
more difficulty organizing than others
-This gives smaller and better funded groups an advantage
-Argues people join groups for three reasons
, Why is it hard to organize some groups? - Answer--It's more difficult to organize large
groups of people
-In large groups people tend to free ride
What three reasons does Olson argues cause people to join groups? - Answer--Peer
pressure
-Coercion
-Selective benefit
What is selective benefit? - Answer-Getting benefits for being part of a group
What types of interest groups are there? - Answer--Membership organizations
-Peak associations
-Enterprises
What is public opinion? - Answer-Political scientist V.O. Key stated that "public opinion
consists of those opinions held by private citizens which governments find it prudent to
heed"
Why does the government pay attention to public opinion? - Answer-Due to
constitutional freedoms such as regular elections, broad suffrage, and freedom of
speech and press
What was American history characterized by in terms of public opinion? - Answer--Early
attempts to channel opinion for specific political purposes
-These attempts continue today
How was public opinion understood before modern forms of polling? - Answer-
politicians would read bathroom walls
What are two modern aspects of public opinion? - Answer--Scientific polling
-Public relations
What is scientific polling? - Answer--Developed as a tool for systematically investigating
the opinion of ordinary people
-Devoted to sounding out public on an endless array of issues
What are public relations? - Answer-Marketing ideas, policies, and politicians
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