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Exam (elaborations)

APEA ENDOCRINE -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified

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1. Metofrmin 2. Glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase) 3. Repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix) 4. Alogliptin (Nesina), linagliptin (Tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza), sitagliptin (Januvia) 5. Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), liraglutide (Victoza), dulag...

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  • August 21, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Apea
  • Apea
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MikeHarris
APEA ENDOCRINE -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified

1. Metofrmin

2. Glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)

3. Repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix)

4. Alogliptin (Nesina), linagliptin (Tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza), sitagliptin (Januvia)

5. Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), liraglutide (Victoza), dulaglutide (Trulicity), semaglutide (Ozempic,
Rybelsus)

6. Pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia)

7. Canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Farxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance), ertugliflozin (Steglatro) -
✔✔1. Biguanides?

2. Sulfonylurea?

3. Meglitinides?

4. DPP-4 inhibitor?

5. GLP-1?

6. TZD?

7. SGLT2?



Sulfonylureas - ✔✔MAO: Potentiates insulin secretion



Average decrease: 1-2%



S/E: Hypoglycemia, weight gain



cost: the Cheapest!



DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor) - ✔✔MAO: Slows inactivation of incretin



Average decrease: 0.7%



comment: "Gliptins": use in combo or in monotherapy, but not initially

, cost: $300-$400



GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide) - ✔✔MAO: Increases synthesis of insulin in response to BG rise



Average decrease: 1-1.5%



S/E: No hypoglycemia; weight loss; reduces CV risks; delays gastric emptying



cost: $330-$600



TZDs (thiazolidinedione) - ✔✔MAO: Improves insulin sensitivity



Average decrease: 0.7%



S/E: Not for HF, increased risk of fracture



cost: $200-$400



SGLT-2 Inhibitor - ✔✔MAO: Prevents reabsorption of renal glucose



Average decrease: 1%



S/E: Weight loss, decreased BP, UTI, yeast infections; reduces CV risks



cost: $450



GLP-1, SGLT2 - ✔✔Patient characteristic ASCVD which diabetic medication?



SGLT2, GLP-1 - ✔✔Patient characteristic need to lose weight which med?



SGLT-2 - ✔✔Patient characteristic HF which diabetic med

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