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Intro to Criminal Justice Final Review (Pearson Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8)(latest update)
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Intro to Criminal Justice Final Review (Pearson Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8)(latest update)
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Intro to Criminal Justice Final Review(Pearson Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8)
Which of the following crimes increased significantly during the Prohibition period in the United States? -
correct answer ✔✔Organized crime.
Between 1920 and 1933, Prohibition spurred the growth of organized crime.
In 1984, Fred was convicted of a crime and sentenced to three years in prison. He was surprised at the
severity of his sentence, and his attorney pointed out that the President had declared a "war" against the
type of crime he had committed. Fred was most likely sentenced for ________. - correct answer ✔✔the
sale and use of illicit drugs.
During the 1980s, President Reagan declared a "war on drugs."
Advocates of protecting personal freedoms and civil rights within the criminal justice process emphasize
________ in the criminal justice system. - correct answer ✔✔individual rights.
Individual-rights advocates underline the need to protect personal freedoms and civil rights during all
stages of the criminal justice process.
During the past 30 years, which of the following most greatly contributed to a change in the dominant
philosophy of criminal justice in America, with more emphasis being placed on public safety and societal
order, rather than on guaranteeing individual rights? - correct answer ✔✔Frequent, random mass
shootings across the country.
The plethora of random mass shootings in the United States has contributed to the American public's
perception that violent crime has increased exponentially in recent decades.
Donna left her job at Portland, Inc. and joined a rival company. Portland accused her of violating her
contractual obligations and decided to take her to court. In this scenario, which aspect of justice is
involved? - correct answer ✔✔Civil justice.
,Civil justice concerns itself with fairness in relationships between citizens, government agencies, and
businesses in private matters, such as those involving contractual obligations, business dealings, hiring,
and equality of treatment. In this scenario, Portland is claiming that Donna violated her contractual
obligations, which is a focus of civil justice.
An ideal of justice that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of
fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong is called _______. - correct answer ✔✔social
justice
Social justice is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong. The concept of social justice embodies
the highest personal and cultural ideals.
The ________ is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's components work together
harmoniously to achieve justice. - correct answer ✔✔consensus model
The consensus model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's components work
together harmoniously to achieve the social product called justice.
Jerome H. Skolnick's research showing that the police preferred to use clearance rates as a measure of
police effectiveness in solving crimes demonstrates support for the _______. - correct answer
✔✔conflict model
The conflict model illustrates how the competition for legislative resources and public approval among
the three primary stakeholders in the criminal justice system-the police, correctional agencies, and the
criminal courts-drives their use of self-serving measures of success. Skolnick found that the police would
attribute large numbers of unsolved crimes to one offender, thus increasing their clearance rate so that
they appeared to have solved many more crimes.
At what point are the police required to advise a person of his or her rights, according to the Miranda
decision? - correct answer ✔✔Before questioning
,The Miranda decision only requires the police advise a person of his or her rights prior to questioning.
Many officers advise suspects of their rights when arresting them, but an arrest without questioning
does not require a warning.
Cathy was arrested for vehicle theft and taken to court. The judge held a session to determine whether
there was probable cause to believe that a crime was committed and that the defendant was guilty.
Which of the following stages of pretrial activities is described in this scenario? - correct answer
✔✔Preliminary hearing
At the preliminary hearing, the hearing judge will seek to determine whether there is probable cause to
believe that a crime has been committed and the defendant committed it.
The ____________ is/are responsible for interpreting the Bill of Rights and defining a person's individual
and due process rights. - correct answer ✔✔courts
The courts, and specifically the U.S. Supreme Court, are responsible for interpreting and clarifying the
guarantees of the Bill of Rights, including due process rights.
Ray has been charged with first-degree murder and is facing a jury trial. To ensure that Ray's rights are
protected, the court should make decisions using a ________. - correct answer ✔✔due process model
The due process model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of
justice system processing.
Which of the following has contributed to the increased use of evidence-based practices in the criminal
justice system? - correct answer ✔✔The increasing professionalization of criminal justice as a career field
and a field of study
As criminal justice has become increasingly professionalized and scholarly research in criminal justice has
become more scientifically rigorous, support for evidence-based practices throughout the criminal
justice system has grown.
, The Department of Criminal Justice in Iberia used a new crime-fighting strategy to reduce crime in the
state. The strategy was scientifically tested and was ready to be implemented. Which of the following
methods did the department use to develop the strategy? - correct answer ✔✔Evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practice refers to the crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and
are based on social science research.
Perceptions of undocumented immigrants from Latin America concerning the fairness of the police and
American criminal laws reveal the influence of _________ in the criminal justice system. - correct answer
✔✔multiculturalism
The influence of multiculturalism on the American criminal justice system is revealed, for example,
through the experience of undocumented Latin American immigrants who possess a distrust of police
authority and criminal laws.
Jean, a Creole-speaking suspect, is charged with larceny. At his first appearance following his arrest, the
court provides Jean with a Creole interpreter to understand the criminal charges filed against him, his
rights, and the opportunity for bail. The provision of a Creole interpreter by the court is an example of
the operation of _________ in the criminal justice system. - correct answer ✔✔cultural competence
Cultural competence includes the ability of the criminal courts to interact effectively with people of
different cultures. It ensures, among other things, that the constitutional rights of criminal defendants
who do not speak English are protected.
Which of the following statements is true of criminal activity in America? - correct answer ✔✔By the
mid-1980s, the sale and use of illicit drugs increased dramatically.
By the mid-1980s, the dramatic increase in the sale and use of illicit drugs threatened the foundation of
American society. Cocaine, and later laboratory-processed "crack," spread to every corner of America.
In 2013, 15-year-old Michael was incarcerated for committing a serious violent crime that was part of an
epidemic of violence sweeping across the United States between 2012 and 2017. Michael was most
likely sent to prison for ________. - correct answer ✔✔mass shooting
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