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NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology Principles Questions & Answers Latest Updated.
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NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology Principles Questions & Answers Latest Updated.
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NUR 210 exam 1 material PharmacologyPrinciples Questions & Answers Latest
Updated
drug response - ANS-the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the
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concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
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Goal is to: j j
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
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- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
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Three phases of drug action - ANS-1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
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2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
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3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
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1. pharmaceutic phase - ANS-the drug goes into solution
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- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for
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absorption
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- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
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- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
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2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ANS-"what the BODY does to the drug"
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- absorption
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- distribution
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- metabolism/ biotransformation
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- exertion
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pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANS-(small intestine) the movement of a drug from its
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site of administration into the blood
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pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ANS-drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
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pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - ANS-lipid soluble metabolite
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(liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
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, pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ANS-water soluble metabolite (kidneys) j j j j j j j
liver - ANS-breaks down the drug
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kidneys - ANS-excretes the drug j j j j
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ANS-orally --> stomach --> SI --> j j j j j j j j j j
bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
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IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
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drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - ANS--drugs must be LIPID
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SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
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- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
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Absorption j
1. direct penetration of the membranes
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2. channels and pores
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3. transport systems - ANS-the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
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blood
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How do drugs cross membranes?
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1. Direct penetration of the membranes - ANS-- use by MOST drugs
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- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
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- most drugs lack transport systems
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- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
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2. channels and pores - ANS-only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass
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through cell membranes
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3. transport systems - ANS-- are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the
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membrane to the other
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- are selective
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Movement of drugs across membranes - ANS--drugs must cross membranes (pass
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through cells) to enter the blood from their site of administration
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- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
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- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and excreted
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pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANS-process that occurs between the time a drug j j j j j j j j j j j
enters the body and the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated
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