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BMSC 230 questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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BMSC 230 questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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Vcatabolism - ANSbreakdown biomolecules to produce energy
anabolism - ANSsynthesis of biomolecules , requires input of energy
Functions of metabolism - ANS1) to obtain chemical energy in form of ATP from the degradation
of energy-rich nutrients from environment
2) convert molecules that we ingest as food into the building blocls of larger molecules neded in
the body
3) assembles these small building block molecules into larger molecules such as protiens,
nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides
4) synthesize & degrade biomolecules that have specialized functions in cells
glycolysis - ANSstarts with glucose converts to pyruvate
pathways can be - ANS1) linear
2) branched
3) circular
first committed step - ANS- often the first reaction
- usually a point of regulation
living organisms require a continual input of free energy (3) becuase : - ANS1) performance of
mechanical work
2) active transport of biomolecules and ions
3) synthesis of macromolecules from simple precursors
enzymes - ANS- speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
- DONT change the equilibrium, just rate at which it reaches it
two thermodynamic properties - ANS1) free energy differences between products and reactants
2) free energy required to initiate the conversion of reactants to products
* free energy difference determines whether a reaction will take place spontaneously *
reactions take place if... - ANSdelta G is NEGATIVE
,exergonic - ANSrelease energy
endergonic - ANSrequires input of energy
determining delta G - ANS...
ATP - ANS- is the donor of most free energy for most energy requiring processes in the cell
- has high phosphoryl-transfer potential
- readily transfers phosphate groups to water
the high energy bonds in ATP are: - ANSacid anhydride bonds = 2 of them
large standard energy change due to: (4) - ANS1) electrostatic repulsion
2) when ATP hydrolyzed the electrostatic repulsion is reduced
3) resonance stabilizaton
4) increase in entropy
5) stabilizaiton by hydration
oxidation reactions - ANSloss of electrons from the molecule being oxidized and the gain of
electrons by another molecule that is reduced
the more reduced a carbon is to begin with - ANSthe more free energy is released by its
oxidation
The final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain is: - ANSO2
How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP molecule by oxidative phosphorylation? -
ANS3
The ATP that is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix: - ANSis derived solely from the reaction
catalyzed by ATP synthase.
ATP synthase is hypothesized to use a "binding change mechanism" which describes: -
ANShow the rotation of the γ-subunit of ATP synthase changes the conformation of the
β-subunits, which facilitates ATP synthesis.
Which of the statements below about cytochromes - ANS- They are involved in redox reactions.
, - They are proteins that contain iron
- The heme in cytochromes is covalently linked to the protein moiety.
Which statement about reactive oxygen species (ROS) is CORRECT? - ANSROS are highly
reactive with many biomolecules in the cell.
What cellular compartment are the electron transport chain complexes located in? - ANSThe
inner mitochondrial membrane.
Two products formed from the electron transport chain are - ANSH2O and ATP
Which statement about chemical uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation - ANS- They stimulate
the breakdown of fat.
- They have promise as anti-obesity drugs.
- They can cause an increase in body temperature.
Which statement best describes the effect of high ADP levels on the rate of oxidative
phosphorylation? - ANSHigh ADP levels stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase and isocitrate
dehydrogenase, thus providing high flux through the citric acid cycle, lots of NADH and FADH2,
and thus high rates of oxidative phosphorylation.
Which statement about the regulation of the citric acid cycle is CORRECT? - ANSRegulation of
the cycle is necessary because the acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle is derived from
other pathways, not just that produced from pyruvate.
The high energy electrons that are generated during the citric acid cycle are initially captured in
the form of: - ANSNADH and FADH2
In addition to capturing high energy electrons through the oxidation of acetyl CoA, another
important function of the citric acid cycle is - ANSto provide intermediates for the synthesis of
other biomolecules such as glucose.
Which of the following is not a product of the citric acid cycle? - ANSNAD+
The substrates for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle are: - ANSacetyl CoA and
oxaloacetate
Which statement about the glyoxylate cycle - ANS- There is no CO2 produced because there
are no decarboxylation reactions.
- It allows some organisms to convert fats into carbohydrates.
- A major product of this pathway is succinate which can be used for the synthesis of glucose.
Which of the conversions described below could be characterized as an anaplerotic reaction? -
ANSThe conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
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