BIOD151 - Module 2 TEST QUESTIONS
EXAM WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS BEST
STUDYING MATERIAL GUARANTEED
PASS
List and describe the two types of alveolar epithelium.
- ANSWER Type 1, Type IIType I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in
junction with capillaries.Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed
throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to
replace damaged Type I cells.
What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli?
- ANSWER Alveolar macrophages
Explain the steps necessary for inhalation.
- ANSWER Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs:A negative pressure
environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space.The motion of the rib cage: the rib
cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs.The diaphragm: The diaphragm
is flattened as it contracts, pulling the lungs openAs the thoracic cavity expands and lung
volume increases, the density of the density of the gases filling the lungs decreasesBecause air
pressure outside of the lungs is now greater than inside (where there is negative pressure), air
will naturally flow into the lungs.
What is meant that "negative pressure" is created inside the lungs?
- ANSWER This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere,
allowing air to naturally flow into the lungs.
True or false: Exhalation is an active process.
,- ANSWER Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs. When the rib cage is lowered and the
diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the
pressure is lower.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
- ANSWER Hemoglobin combines with the oxygen entering the blood to carry the oxygen in the
blood system from the lungs to the cells of the tissues.
What muscle is largely responsible for providing movement for respiration?
- ANSWER The diaphragm
Ultimately gas exchange occurs where?
- ANSWER Respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli
Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what form?
- ANSWER Bicarbonate ion
Boyle's law states what?
- ANSWER gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
This law helps explain why warming the air is beneficial to the respiratory system.
- ANSWER Charles's Law
This is the amount of air able to be exhaled beyond normal exhalation.
- ANSWER Expiratory reserve volume (typically around 1200mL)
This is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing.
- ANSWER Tidal volume
, what is cycstic fibrosis?
- ANSWER A serious genetic disease of excretory glands, affecting lungs and other organs; it
causes production of very thick mucus that interferes with normal digestion and breathing.
What is pulmonary edema?
- ANSWER An accumulation of fluid in the lungs
inspiratory reserve volume
- ANSWER the maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs (3,000)
residual reserve volume
- ANSWER amount left in lungs after expiration (1,300)
Emphysema
- ANSWER A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties.
Pleuris
y - ANSWER an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
What are the three main functions of the respiratory system
- ANSWER the anatomical organization of the respiratory system allows the respiratory system
to perform three main functions: 1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases.
(also called respiration)
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
- ANSWER Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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