This document contains detailed notes from Lecture 18 of the CO2412 course on Computational Thinking, focusing on key data structures and algorithms essential for exam preparation. The lecture provides an in-depth review of Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees (BSTs), Heaps, and Graph Theory, along wi...
Binary Trees
1. Definition and Structure
o A Binary Tree is a data structure where each node has at most two
children referred to as the left child and the right child.
2. Key Characteristics
o Nodes in a binary tree can have 0, 1, or 2 children.
o The binary tree is used in various algorithms due to its efficiency in
searching and sorting operations.
Binary Search Trees (BST)
1. What is a Binary Search Tree?
o A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a sorted binary tree where each
node's left subtree contains only nodes with values less than the
node's value, and the right subtree contains only nodes with values
greater than the node's value.
2. Properties of a BST
o A BST is sorted by key, allowing efficient searching, insertion, and
deletion operations.
o The left child is less than the parent key, and the right child is
greater.
Full Binary Tree
1. Definition
o A Full Binary Tree is one in which every node has either 0 or 2
children. The height of a full binary tree is log(n), where n is the
number of nodes.
2. Level Properties
o Each level in a full binary tree has double the number of nodes
compared to the previous level.
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