,1. Multiple Choice: Which hormone, primarily produced by the
kidneys, regulates erythropoiesis?
a) Erythropoietin
b) Renin
c) Calcitriol
d) Thrombopoietin
Correct Answer: a) Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood
cells in the bone marrow, a critical function in maintaining
adequate oxygenation levels in the body.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The process by which the kidneys filter the
blood, removing waste products and excess substances, is known as
__________.
Correct Answer: Glomerular filtration
Rationale: Glomerular filtration is the first step in urine
formation, where blood plasma is filtered through the glomeruli of
the kidneys.
3. True/False: The presence of protein in the urine is a normal
finding.
, Correct Answer: False
Rationale: Proteinuria is an abnormal condition and can be an
indicator of renal damage or disease.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following
are potential complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
a) Hypertension
b) Anemia
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Hypocalcemia
Correct Answers: a) Hypertension, b) Anemia, c)
Hyperkalemia, d) Hypocalcemia
Rationale: CKD can lead to multiple systemic complications due
to the kidneys' role in blood pressure regulation, erythropoiesis,
electrolyte balance, and vitamin D metabolism.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of the loop of
Henle in the nephron?
a) Reabsorption of glucose
b) Secretion of hydrogen ions
c) Concentration of urine
d) Filtration of blood
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