,1. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed carvedilol
(Coreg). What is the primary mechanism of action of this
medication?
a. Directly dilates coronary arteries
b. Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors
c. Inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme
d. Increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate
Answer: b. Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors
Rationale: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker that
blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to
decreased heart rate and myocardial contractility, which helps
manage heart failure.
Answer: b. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Rationale: Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is often prescribed with
isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy, which is a common
side effect due to the depletion of vitamin B6 by the drug.
3. In a patient with chronic renal failure, which diuretic is most
appropriate to use to avoid exacerbation of renal function?
a. Furosemide (Lasix)
b. Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
c. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
d. Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Answer: a. Furosemide (Lasix)
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can be used in
renal failure, as it does not significantly decrease renal perfusion
and is effective in patients with decreased kidney function.
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