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AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified

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AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer 1. Introduced structuralism (Bell experiment) 2. Set up the first psychological laboratory Introspection - Correct Answer study of the mind by looking into oneself structuralism - Correct Answer...

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  • August 20, 2024
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AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete
Solutions 100% Verified
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer 1. Introduced structuralism

(Bell experiment)

2. Set up the first psychological laboratory



Introspection - Correct Answer study of the mind by looking into oneself



structuralism - Correct Answer identifying components of the mind:

combined subjective emotions and objective sensations (Wundt)

"the whole is equal to the sum of the parts"



Freud - Correct Answer Personality theorist who created psychoanalysis



Psychoanalytic Theory - Correct Answer Focus on past childhood experience, repressed memories,
and study of the unconscious mind (Freud)



Behaviorism - Correct Answer Focus on stimuli and response-study only observable behavior
(Watson)



Humanistic Perspective - Correct Answer Emphasized the human capacity for free-will and individual
choice (Rogers & Maslow)



Evolutionary Perspective - Correct Answer Examines how behaviors help a species survive from on
generation to the next, focus on natural selection



Biopsychology - Correct Answer Explains human thought in terms of the relationship between
biology and psychology



Social-Cultural - Correct Answer behavior varies by culture



Pavlov - Correct Answer Behaviorist-Classically conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell

,Watson - Correct Answer Behaviorist-In his Little Albert Experiment he conditioned Albert to fear
white rat by associating it with loud noises



Skinner - Correct Answer Behaviorist-Proposed theory of operant conditioning with skinner box
experiment, reinforcing rats behavior with rewards or punishments



Independent Variable - Correct Answer Changed by experimenter-what is being controlled



Dependent Variable - Correct Answer Changed by independent variable



Operational definition - Correct Answer Defining how something is measured in an experiment: help
to easily replicate



Target Population - Correct Answer Demographic experimenter wants to study



Representative Sample - Correct Answer Group that resembles target population



Stratified Sample - Correct Answer Takes specific criteria (race, gender, %) into account



Matched pairs - Correct Answer Similar people for different conditions of a study



Experimenter bias - Correct Answer when experimenter treats people differently because of his/her
expected results



Double blind - Correct Answer Neither experimenter nor subject knows which group subject is in



Single blind - Correct Answer Subject does not know which group (control or experimental) they are
in



Demand characteristics - Correct Answer Cues that subject picks up on and uses in order to respond
appropriately

,Placebo effect - Correct Answer Taking a drug that has no pharmacological effects produces similar
results as the real medication



Positive Correlation - Correct Answer A direct relationship in which both variables are increasing or
both are decreasing



Negative Correlation - Correct Answer An inverse relationship in which one variable increases and
the other decreases or vice versa



Survey Method - Correct Answer Easy to distriubute to large population and inexpensive, but can't
control who sends it back, and has other confounding variables



Naturalistic Observation - Correct Answer Has high ecological validity (acts normally in natural
habitat) but can't control variables and therefore does not show cause and effect



Case studies - Correct Answer Follows in detail one person or a group of people with a rare condition



Hindsight bias - Correct Answer Tendency to believe, once the outcome is already known, that you
would have foreseen it (Also "I-Knew-It-All-Along Phenomenon)



Applied research - Correct Answer Solving a problem



Basic research - Correct Answer Just because



Validity - Correct Answer Measures what experiment is supposed to



Reliability - Correct Answer Same result every time



Random assignment - Correct Answer Equal chance of anyone in sample population to be placed in
either control or experimental group



Random selection - Correct Answer Randomly gathering a representative sample for a study by
identifying a population and randomly selecting people from that population

, Social desirability effect - Correct Answer Tendenecy to give the politically correct answer



Hawthorne effect - Correct Answer Merely observing an experiment changes its outcome



Debriefing - Correct Answer Any information withheld from subject prior to or during
experimentation must be reveled



IRB - Correct Answer Review board for ethical standards



Descriptive statistics - Correct Answer Describes a set of data



Inferential statistics - Correct Answer Applying data to the larger population



Histogram - Correct Answer bar graph



Frequency Polygon - Correct Answer line graph



Measures of central tendency (3) - Correct Answer Mean-add all points, divide by # of points

Median-middle #

Mode-most frequent



Outliers - Correct Answer Numbers that are much greater or much less than the other numbers in
the set



Positive Skew - Correct Answer when the outlier is higher than than the bulk of the data



Negative Skew - Correct Answer when the outlier is lower than the bulk of the data



Range - Correct Answer Largest # minus Smallest #



Standard deviation - Correct Answer How far a score is from the mean

Square root of variant

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