Exam (elaborations)
STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINAL
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STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINAL
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STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINALWhat is the major monosaccharide found in the human body? - Answers -glucose
Which of these is a complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the human
digestive process? - Answers -fiber
What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010? - Answers -to help
Americans choose an overall healthful diet
How much moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in order to decrease an
individual's risk of chronic disease? - Answers -30 minutes per day
What is an advantage of fat as a source of fuel for exercise? - Answers -It supplies
more than twice the energy of carbohydrates
In the human body, when is glycogen synthesis greatest? - Answers -immediately
following exercise*
What is the first step in the production of energy from food? - Answers -anaerobic
breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm
A cell's genetic material is contained in its - Answers -nucleus
The primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to -
Answers -secrete important substances, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste*
Iron absorption is enhanced by the consumption of - Answers -oranges
Why does an increase in energy expenditure require an increase in B complex
vitamins? - Answers -they are involved in carb, fat, and protein metabolism
What compound is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B-12? - Answers -intrinsic
factor
How does sodium maintain appropriate fluid balance in the body? - Answers -in
osmosis, sodium acts as the major positive ion in the extracellular fluid*
Which mineral is important in regulating the human heartbeat? - Answers -potassium
Goiter is caused by a deficiency of - Answers -iodine
,While Jim was running a marathon he lost 2.5 pounds. How much fluid should Jim have
consumed to prevent dehydration? - Answers -50-60 ounces
Why does excessive intake of alcohol result in dehydration? - Answers -antidiuretic
hormone is inhibited by alcohol
A decrease in urine output would likely be the result of a diet that is - Answers -high in
protein and sodium
Which pituitary hormone signals the kidneys to conserve water by conserving sodium? -
Answers -aldosterone
During which stage of the lifecycle can a prolonged deficiency in iron result in impaired
cognitive development? - Answers -early infancy
Which government program provides supplemental food vouchers specifically for low-
income pregnant women and children? - Answers -women, infants, and children (WIC)
Which is a symptom of anorexia? - Answers -rituals involving food and exercise
Which statement describes a consequence of anorexia? - Answers -body temperature
is lowered, which results in decreased metabolism*
Which of these is an effective means to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses? -
Answers -thaw foods in the fridge
According to the EPA, which of the following is a useful strategy for reducing the intake
of pesticide residue from foods? - Answers -thoroughly scrub, rinse, and peel fruits and
vegetables
It is unlawful to add any amount of cancer-causing substance to food, according to the -
Answers -delaney clause
Which of the following is an unintended effect of the use of pesticides in food
production? - Answers -destruction of natural predators of plant eating insects
Which food should be consumed no more than once per week to limit the intake of
mercury? - Answers -swordfish
Which of these actions helps to decrease the risk of pesticide exposure? - Answers -
remove skin from poultry and fish**
Which of these pregnancy complications can be reduced by 50% if a woman is
physically active during pregnancy? - Answers -gestational diabetes
, The body's need for iron increases during pregnancy because of the need to - Answers
-synthesize additional hemoglobin
It is recommended that a healthy woman of normal weight gain about how many pounds
during pregnancy? - Answers -26 to 35
What happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via
supplements? - Answers -It is excreted in the feces and urine
What substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in
the body? - Answers -hormones
What is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and
enters the small intestine? - Answers -chyme
How does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal? - Answers -insulin is
released from the pancreas
Which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of
carbohydrates? - Answers -milk
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate? - Answers -amylase
What product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when
carbohydrates are not available to the body? - Answers -ketones
Which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood? -
Answers -saturated
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? - Answers -blood
pressure > 138/89 mg HG*
If a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in
that food is fat? - Answers -90%
Plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these? -
Answers -essential amino acids
Edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream? - Answers -
protein
The enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the - Answers -stomach
Based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman
need daily? - Answers -46
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