BIO 252 FINAL EXAM 3 TEST QUESTIONS
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QUESTIONS
T/F Transcriptionally inactive regions of the genome are typically heavily methylated.
- ANSWER True. Methylation of cytosine residues is often associated with decreased
transcription levels.
Mutagenic studies of the promoter region of the β-globin gene indicate that mutations in some
areas are more likely than mutations in other areas to affect transcription rates. When
mutations occur in consensus sequences (modular elements such as GC box, CAAT box, TATA
box), does transcription increase or decrease?
- ANSWER decrease
A 1.5-kb fragment of DNA is cloned into a plasmid vector that is 5.5 kb long at the EcoRI site,
and the plasmid vector is then used to transform bacteria. If the plasmid DNA is then extracted
from a single bacterial colony and digested with EcoRI, what digestion products will be
produced if the plasmid contains the fragment?
- ANSWER One 1.5-kb fragment and one 5.5-kb fragment.
EcoRI digestion will produce two fragments corresponding in size to the 1.5-kb fragment cloned
into the plasmid plus the 5.5-kb plasmid itself.
Digestion of a 1.1-kb fragment of DNA with BamHI produces two fragments of 700 bp and 400
bp. Digestion of the same 1.1-kb fragment with XhoI produces two fragments of 300 bp and 800
bp. Digestion with both enzymes produces three fragments of 100 bp, 300 bp, and 700 bp.
Which of the following statements is true about the DNA fragment?
- ANSWER The XhoI site is located within the BamHI 400-bp fragment.
Since double digestion produces a 100-bp fragment and a 300-bp fragment, the XhoI site must
be located within the BamHI 400-bp fragment.
,how are fraternal twins the same? different? - ANSWER
how are identical twins the same? different? - ANSWER
Prader Willi syndrome
- ANSWER feeding difficulty at birth, then in childhood insatiable appetite, people grow to be
obese. chromosome 15 deletion. paternal activated, maternal inactivated (imprinting). paternal
deletion. genes are not expressed from maternal chromosome 15
gene needed snoRNA
Angelman syndrome
- ANSWER neurological disorder, people have a happy demeanor.
chromosome 15 deletion.
maternal region activated, paternal inactivated (imprinting). expression of necessary gene is
specifically maternal. maternal with deletion, paternal not expressed.
gene needed UBE3A
what is a hypomethylating agent? - ANSWER
what is methyltransferase - ANSWER
Explain three levels of control at the chromatin level that affect the ability of DNA to be more
highly expressed. - ANSWER
What are three ways that DNA can be made more accessible to the transcriptional machinery in
the nucleus?
,- ANSWER 1) dna, you can affect methylation.
2) histones, you can affect acetylation
3) nucleosomes, you can slide/reorganize
methylation - ANSWER
acetylation - ANSWER
nucleosomes - ANSWER
histones - ANSWER
acetyl and methyl tags are...
- ANSWER epigenetic marks
how do the new strands get methylated in the correct locations?
- ANSWER DNA methlatransferase recognizes a parent methylated site and adds methyl on that
that complementary base.
Replicate this sequence. c = methylated C
5' ACGTATcGT 3'
3' TGCATAGcA 3'
- ANSWER * is the new strand
Restriction endonucleases are especially useful if they generate "sticky" ends. What makes an
end sticky?
- ANSWER single-stranded complementary tails
, Vectors such as pUC18 and others of the pUC series contain a large number of restriction
enzyme sites clustered in one region. Which term describes this advantageous arrangement of
restriction sites?
- ANSWER multiple cloning site
Assume that a plasmid (circular) is 3200 base pairs in length and has restriction sites at the
following locations: 400, 700, 1400, 2600. Give the expected sizes of the restriction fragments
following complete digestion.
- ANSWER 300, 700, 1000, 1200
T/F A common term for a plasmid or other DNA element that serves as a cloning vehicle is
vector.
- ANSWER True
T/F Restriction endonucleases typically recognize palindromic DNA sequences and often
generate "sticky ends" or single-stranded DNA overhangs at cut sites.
- ANSWER True
T/F In general, the main goal of cloning is to include as many different genes as possible in a
single cloning vector.
- ANSWER False
T/F Some restriction endonucleases are capable of producing blunt ends; others can generate
"sticky" ends
. - ANSWER True
T/F A restriction map provides the location of sites cleaved by restriction enzymes.
- ANSWER True
5' ACGTATcGT 3'
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