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,FORMULATING A DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS FOR THE ADVANCED
PRACTICE PROVIDER
,Jacqueline Rhoads, PhD, APRN-BC, CNL-BC, PMHNP-BE, FAANP, holds three board certifications
as an acute care nurse practitioner, adult gerontology nurse practitioner, and clinical nurse leader. She
is board eligible as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She has more than 30 years of clinical
experience in leadership, critical care, acute care, and primary care nursing. Dr. Rhoads teaches in gradu-
ate and baccalaureate programs in acute and primary care and in the family and adult nurse practitioner
tracks. She has special interest in advanced health assessment and pharmacology. She has authored six
major advanced practice textbooks related to advanced health assessment, differential diagnoses, and
clinical management of psych/mental health, as well as numerous peer-reviewed articles. She has held
research positions such as project director, principal investigator, and project coordinator in three major
universities. Her areas of research include investigating posttraumatic stress disorder post-Vietnam, Des-
ert Storm, and disaster-related situations.
Dr. Rhoads earned her bachelor’s from University of the Incarnate Word, her master’s in Burns and
Trauma at Texas Woman’s University, her PhD in Nursing at University of Texas in Austin, and four
post-master’s degrees: as an acute care nurse practitioner, an adult nurse practitioner, a gerontology nurse
practitioner, and a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She is especially proud of her service in
the U.S. Army Nurse Corps where she held strategic leadership positions as chief nurse, deployable med-
ical (DEPMED) training officer, nuclear biological chemical officer, and head nurse.
Julie C. Penick, DNP, PhD, MSN, FNP-BC, maintains both an active family practice, specializing in
complementary and alternative medicine modalities, and an education practice where she is full-time
faculty in a competency-based MSN program at Western Governors University. Dr. Penick earned her
MSN in adult health nursing in 1992, her post-master’s family nurse practitioner certificate in 1996, her
PhD in energy medicine in 2003, and her DNP in 2011. Dr. Penick has been involved with numerous
clinical research projects, and continues to be involved in research projects that involve the application of
“energy” as healing approaches—be that nutrient energy, subtle energy techniques, application of mag-
netic field energy, and application of direct or indirect current—Dr. Penick is active in curriculum writing
and conducting continuing professional education for nurses. Dr. Penick has been a certified nurse prac-
titioner through the American Nurse Credentialing Center (ANCC) for more than 20 years.
, FORMULATING A DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS FOR THE ADVANCED
PRACTICE PROVIDER
Second Edition
Jacqueline Rhoads, PhD, APRN-BC, CNL-BC, PMHNP-BE, FAANP
Julie C. Penick, DNP, PhD, MSN, FNP-BC
Editors