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Biology 114 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded| 100% Verified
Metabolism - Biological Chemical reactions. The totality of an organism's chemical reaction.
The Concept of Free Energy - Free energy is the portion of a system's energy that can perform work
when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.
∆G - the change in free energy. We can use it to predict whether the process will be spontaneous.
Exergonic - "energy outward" An ergonomic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy. ∆G is
negative, these occur spontaneously.
Endergonic - A reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. This type of reaction stores
energy in molecules. ∆G is positive, these are nonspontaenous.
Enzymes - Macromolecules that act like a catalyst in order to speed of the rate of a reaction without
being consumed by the reaction.
What happens without enzymes? - metabolic pathways would become clustered.
Activation Energy - The amount of energy needed to start a reaction.
How is activation energy supplied? - In the form of heat.
How does activation energy relate to the role of enzymes? - Activation energy provides a barrier that
determines the rate of the reaction.
How do cells get the necessary energy to drive non spontaneous reactions? - An example would be
plants get the required energy from the environment around them like the sun and turning it into
chemical reaction. Next is a series of exergonic steps to form a glucose modle.
, How do enzymes lower E_a? - By making it possible for a cell to have a dynamic metabolism, routing
chemicals smoothly through cells metabolic pathways. They also determine which chemical processes
will be going on in a cell.
How do enzymes function? - They bind to a substrate forming an enzyme substrate complex.
What factors influence enzyme activity? - Environmental conditions, cofactors, and enzyme inhibitors
Competitive Inhibitors: - Reduces the productivity go enzymes by blocking substrates from entering
active sites.
Non-competitive Inhibitors: - These do not directly compete with the substrate to bing to the enzyme at
the active site. This inhibitor causes enzymes to change shape.
Allosteric Regulation: - Describes any cause in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the
binding of a molecule to a separate site.
Positive Allosteric Regulation: - Binding of an activator to a regulatory site which stabilizes the shape
that has functional active sites.
Negative Allosteric Regulation: - Binding of an inhibitor, which stabilizes the inactive form of the
enzyme.
Feedback Inhibition: - When ATP inhibits an enzyme in and ATP generating pathway the result is
feedback inhibition.
What is feedback inhibition. common control of? - Metabolic control
What does feedback inhibition prevent? - The cell from wasting chemical resources.
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