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Biology 114 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded| 100% Verified
Anything that has mass and takes up space - matter
a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions - Element
a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio (type of bond does
not matter) - compound
What percent of the 92 naturally occurring elements are essential to human life? - 20-25%
nitrogen deficiency? - short corn plants
iodine deficiency? - goiter
smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element - atom
How much smaller are electrons than p+ and n0? - 2000 times smaller
nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy - unstable radioactive isotopes
electrons have ____ (what kind of energy) - potential energy
The more distant an electron is from the nucleus the ____ its potential energy - greater
1st shell max electrons? - 2
2nd shell max electrons? - 8
,3rd shell max electrons? - 8
Electron shells are most stable when they are ____ - full
electrons on the outermost electron shell - valence electrons (chemical behavior is determined by this)
Elements with a full valence shell are - nonreactive
How do chemical bonds form? - atoms with incomplete valence shells can share or transfer electrons
with other atoms
Nonpolar covalent bonds - shared equally (ex. H2)
Polar covalent bonds - not shared equally (ex. H2O)
ionic bonds - bonds resulting from the loss or gain of electrons by bonded atoms (ex. NaCl) weaker than
covalent
hydrogen bonds - weak bond formed between a hydrogen atom in a polar compound and an
electronegative atom in another polar compound
Vanderwaals force - very weak bonds resulting from impermanent shifting of charges because electrons
are constantly moving
molecule - consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes? (It's absorbed in our guts) - anemia
electronegativity - an atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
, What is electronegativity affected by? - atomic number and distance at which its valence electrons
reside from the nucleus
Tell me about electronegativity and nonpolar covalent molecules - atoms are equally electronegative
and share valence electrons equally
Tell me about electronegativity and polar covalent molecules - one atom is more electronegative and
the atoms do not share valence electrons equally
What does unequal sharing of electrons cause? - partial positive or negative charge for each atom
Tell me about loss and gain of electrons in ionic bonds and the attraction - the more electronegative
atom strips a valence electron completely away from its partner; its an attraction between a cation and
an anion
Ion? - a charged atom (or molecule)
Ionic compounds are also known as - salts
Tell me about electronegativity and hydrogen bonds. - attraction between a hydrogen (partial +) in a
polar compound and an electronegative atom (partial -) in a second polar compound, in most living cells
the counterparts are N and O
Tell me about the interactions with vanderwaal forces and give me 2 examples - dependent on how
much surface one molecule exposes to its neighbors; example is vaseline sticking together and geckos
climb upside down, they are large nonpolar molecules
What does morphine bind to - endorphin receptors
study of the chemical processes in living organisms - Biochemistry
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