Sleep-related breathing disorders have how many major groups correct answers eight
What is OSA correct answers a common sleep disorder that often requires lifelong care where the patient's own anatomy by obstruct airflow
What is Central sleep apnea (CSA) correct answers a disorder involving t...
SLEEP APNEA || with Error-free Solutions.
Sleep-related breathing disorders have how many major groups correct answers eight
What is OSA correct answers a common sleep disorder that often requires lifelong care where
the patient's own anatomy by obstruct airflow
What is Central sleep apnea (CSA) correct answers a disorder involving the central nervous
system characterized by the repetitive stopping or reduction of both airflow and ventilatory effort
during sleep
What are the CSA classes correct answers primary CSA (idiopathic or unknown cause of CSA)
or secondary CSA
CSA is feature by both hyper and hypoventilation but which is the most common and what
pattern is associated with it correct answers Hyperventilation, Cheyenne's stokes
What is mixed sleep apnea and how is it typically classified correct answers combo of OSA and
CSA, OSA
What includes a broad range of sleep disorders some of which are quite common, such as obesity
hypoventilation syndrome (also known as Pickwickian syndrome) or co-existing with COPD, the
so-called "crossover syndrome" correct answers Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia
syndromes (SRHHSs)
What is crossover syndrome correct answers Sleep apnea and COPD
What is known as Pickwickian syndrome correct answers obesity hypoventilation syndrome
The diagnosis of sleep apnea begins with what correct answers a comprehensive sleep
evaluation, which includes a history from the patient and/or the patient's bed partner, especially
noting the presence of snoring, sleep fragmentation, periods of apnea during sleep, non-
refreshing sleep, and persistent daytime sleepiness
Initial sleep apnea diagnosis is followed up by what correct answers a careful examination of the
Upper airway and Pulmonary function studies
Abnormalities in the posterior pharynx include what in sleep apnea correct answers a large
uvula, enlarged tonsils, a long soft palate, redundant lateral pharyngeal walls, macroglossia
(enlarged tongue), and the presence of an overbite of the upper teeth with a posterior placement
of the mandible
What is Mallampati classification score frequently used in physician notes to describe
abnormalities of the soft palate and uvula
The sleep apnea patient's blood may be evaluated for the presence of what correct answers
polycythemia, reduced thyroid function, and bicarbonate retention
, What is used to determine resting, wakeful oxygenation, and acid-base status correct answers
ABG
in patients suspected of having sleep apnea, the diagnosis and type of sleep apnea are confirmed
by what methods correct answers Polysomnography and In-home portable monitoring
What is a specialized sleep test that monitors and records a number of physiologic parameters
that occur during sleep correct answers Polysomnography (PSG)
CSA is diagnosed when correct answers if the majority of the respiratory events are central
apnea or hypopneas
CSA while appear how on a PSG correct answers there is an absence of nasal or oral airflow and
thoracoabdominal movements
What is a major drawback of in-home, unattended, portable monitoring or home sleep test
correct answers user error is present due to no EEG data being recorded and data must then be
calculated rather than automatically derived
What kind of chest radiograph would be expected from sleep apnea patient correct answers Often
normal and sometimes Right- or left-sided heart failure
Why might right- and/or left-sided heart failure may develop in a sleep apnea patient correct
answers because of the pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia associated with persistent
periods of apnea
How will heart failure associated sleep apnea be examined radiologically and how will it present
correct answers may be identified as an enlargement of the heart on a chest x-ray or an
echocardiogram and may help in diagnosis
In severe cases of sleep apnea what is always possible correct answers sudden arrhythmia-related
death
What cardiac arrhtymias may be present in sleep apnea correct answers Brady-tachy syndrome,
Sinus arrhythmia, Sinus bradycardia, sinus pauses, Atrioventricular block (second-degree),
Premature ventricular contractions, Supraventricular tachycardia, Ventricular tachycardia, Atrial
fibrillation, "Sick sinus" syndrome
What increases or decreases the level of positive airway pressure in response to a change in
airflow, a change in circuit pressure, or a vibratory snore correct answers APAP
The extent of sinus bradycardia is directly related to what correct answers the severity of the
oxygen desaturation
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