Obstructive Sleep Apnea And CIPAP/BiPAP || With 10
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CIPAP/BiPAP || with 10
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CIPAP/BiPAP || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CIPAP/BiPAP || with 10
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea And CIPAP/BiPAP || With 10
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) correct answers Sleep-disordered Breathing (SDB)
-Also known as obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSHS)
o Partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep
o Temporary cessation of respiratory airflow; last longer than 10 seconds; awakes to breath...
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CIPAP/BiPAP || with 100%
Errorless Solutions.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) correct answers Sleep-disordered Breathing (SDB)
-Also known as obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSHS)
o Partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep
o Temporary cessation of respiratory airflow; last longer than 10 seconds; awakes to breath
o Breathing abnormal shallow respirations longer than 10 seconds; with oxygen desaturation or
arousal
The term sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) Is an umbrella term that describes a group of
disorders characterized by:
1. Abnormal respiratory patterns (e.g. the presence of apneas or hypopneas); or HI POP NE A
(means abnormally slow)
2. Insufficient ventilation during sleep.
OSA most commonly diagnosed sleep disordered breathing
Obstructive because partial or complete upper airway obstruction
Apnea - temporary stops breathing (at least 10 seconds or more) pt wakes up just enough to take
a breathe
Hypopnea - temporary cessation of respiratory (pt doesn't top breathing but breathing becomes
shallow) at least 10 seconds with associated oxygen desaturation or arousal
Disrupts sleep pattern, wakes them up and they are tired and exhausted next day (puts extra
strain on nervous system and organs)
Pathophysiology correct answers o Narrowing of air passages with relaxation of muscle tone
during sleep and/or
o Tongue and soft palate fall backward that partially or completely obstruct pharynx
o Obstruction last 10 to 90 seconds (apnea periods)
o During apnea may experience hypoxemia and hypercapnia
Apnea periods correct answers •Apnea
-(most often during REM sleep)
•Startle Response (snort or gasp)
•Brief arousal (may not fully awaken)
•Tongue and soft palate to move forward to open airway
•Apnea and arousal repeat throughout night
When airway muscle tone is at its lowest (REM)
, Startled response (pt might not remember waking up)
Brief arousal period is long enough for soft pallet or tongue to move so air can get through
Risk Factors correct answers -Obesity
-Age (>50)
-Neck circumference of greater than 17 inches
-Smoking or alcohol use
-Male (more common until after menopause and then it levels out)
-Facial or head abnormalities or disease
o allergies (nasal obstruction)
Clinical manifestations and associated problems... correct answers Apnea/hypopnea Periods
o Frequent nocturnal arousals
o Insomnia
o Excessive daytime sleepiness
o Witnessed apneic episodes
o Load snoring
o Morning headaches
o Personality changes
(Irritability)
o Memory and concentration difficulties
o Impact on personal and professional life (depression, impotence)
Periods of sleep apnea not only deprive the body of oxygenation; it will increase the CO2
(causing hypercapnia) and increase the blood pressure. Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels
causes personality changes and headaches upon awakening. This along with deprivation of
oxygen, it leads to irritability and all these sleep problems.
Deprives oxygen and increases CO2
Episodes are often observed by someone else (spouse, sig other, child)
Pt often irritable due to unrefreshed sleep
Complications of OSA correct answers o Hypertension
o Dysthymias
o Coronary artery disease (arteriosclerosis)
o Heart failure
o MI - heart attack
Stroke
Major complications of OSA are heart related problems. Apnea causes hypoxia and increased
pressure in the thoracic cavity. This causes over activation of the sympathetic nervous system,
increases in vascular resistance, and reduction in oxygen to the cardiac muscle.
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