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AP Bio Unit 4 Chapters 8-10 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AP Bio Unit 4 Chapters 8-10 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AP Bio Unit 4 Chapters 8-10 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
Metabolism - Totality of an organism's chemical reactions. Manages the material energy resources of
the cell.
Anabolic Pathways - Consume energy to build complicated molecules, also known as Biosynthetic
Pathways
Catabolic Pathways - Breakdown pathways, degradative process, release energy by breaking down
complex molecules
Energy - Capacity to cause change, ability to rearrange a collection of matter - capacity to do work.
Kinetic Energy - Energy associated with relative motion of objects
Potential Energy - Energy because of location or structure, not Kinetic Energy
Chemical Energy - Potential energy available for release in chemical reaction
Thermodynamics - Study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics - Total amount of energy in universe is constant energy can be transferred
and transformed but NOT created or destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the
universe -- for a process to occur spontaneously, entropy of universe must increase
Entropy - Measures disorder/randomess
, Free Energy - Measures portion of system's energy that can perform work with constant temperature
and pressure
Free Energy Equation - ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
OR
ΔG = G(final) - G(initial)
Exergonic Reaction - "Energy Outward", proceeds with a net release of free energy, more energy in
reactants than products
Endergonic Reaction - "Energy Inward", Absorbs free energy from surrounding, stores free energy in
molecules
Products have more energy than reactants
ATP - Adenosine Triphospate - 3 phosphate groups + Sugar Ribose + Adenine
ATP Tails - the 3 phosphate groups - highly negative charge.
Phosphorylated - Term given to recipient of phosphate group from ATP
Catalyst - Speeds up chemical reaction without being consumed by reaction -- Decreases amount of
energy required for reaction to occur.
Enzyme - Catalytic protein
Activation Energy - Ea: Amount of energy required to break bonds, push reactants over an energy
barrier so "downhill" part of reaction can start
Substrate - Reactant an enzyme acts on
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