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MCB 100 UIUC Exam 2 Review Questions and Correct Answers $8.99   Add to cart

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MCB 100 UIUC Exam 2 Review Questions and Correct Answers

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  • Course
  • MCB 100
  • Institution
  • MCB 100

Electron Transport Chain a series of redox reaction centers that are located in a membrane and used to produce a proton motive force (PMF) Fermentation Type of inefficient anaerobic metabolism where the terminal electron acceptor is an organic compound and waste products include lactic acid, aceti...

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  • August 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MCB 100
  • MCB 100
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MCB 100 UIUC Exam 2 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Electron Transport Chain ✅a series of redox reaction centers that are located in a
membrane and used to produce a proton motive force (PMF)

Fermentation ✅Type of inefficient anaerobic metabolism where the terminal electron
acceptor is an organic compound and waste products include lactic acid, acetic acid,
and ethanol

Photophosphorylation ✅Production of ATP using energy from photons of light to
produce a proton motive force

Aerobic Respiration ✅A type of metabolism that involves the ETC chain with oxygen
as the terminal electron acceptor

Beta-oxidation ✅Series of reactions that breaks down fatty acids to acetyl-CoA

Anaerobic Respiration ✅a type of metabolism that involves the ETC with an oxidized
mineral such as nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor

Carbohydrate catabolism ✅in anaerobic fermentation most of the ATP is produced by
substrate level phosphorylation

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ✅A three carbon sugar with 1 phosphate group that can
be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or to glycerin

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate ✅a 6-carbon sugar with two phosphate groups attached by
phosphoester bonds, it is unstable and can be cleaved to produce two 2-carbon sugars
with one phosphate each

Phosphoenolpyruvate ✅Also known as PEP, this compound has a high energy bond
that can provide the free energy to drive ATP synthesis by substrate level
phosphorylation

Glucose ✅A common 6-sugar or cab, also known as dextrose

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ✅3-carbon sugar acid has 2 phosphate groups, one is
attached by a high energy phosphoanhydride bond that can provide the free energy to
drive ATP synthesis by substrate level phosphorylation

, Pyruvate ✅A three carbon alpha-keto-diacid that is the end product of glycolysis, it can
be converted to lactic acid, acetyl-CoA, or alanine.

NO3- -> NO2- ✅Reduction

R-CHO -> R-COOH ✅Oxidation

HOOC-CH--CH-COOH -> HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH ✅no redox

R-CH2OH -> R-CH3 ✅Reduction

Chemolithotrophic Bacteria ✅obtain energy from redox chemical reactions that involve
inorganic compounds. Generally involve some type of membrane-bound electron
transport chain.

negative strand RNA ✅A strand of nucleic acid that is the complement of the strand
that is read by ribosomes, this type of nucleic acid may be the genomic material or
replication intermediate of certain viruses

Transfer RNA (tRNA) ✅a molecule of nucleic acid that is covalently attached to an
amino acid and brings and places the correct amino acids into the ribosome. Clove-leaf
structure.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) ✅A molecule of nucleic acid that is important structural
element of the ribosome. Single stranded but can fold back like a hair pin.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) ✅A molecule of nucleic acid that contains the information
needed to direct the synthesis of a protein by a ribosome

Protein ✅A molecule that is a chain of amino acids and may be an enzyme or a
component of the structure of a cell

Double Stranded DNA ✅The repository of genetic information in all cellular life forms

Promoter ✅Sequence of DNA that acts as the site where RNA polymerase binds and
begins transcription

Operator ✅sequence of DNA where a protein can bind and control the expression of
near-by genes

Operon ✅Group of genes that are physically next to each other on the chromosome
and expressed as a unit

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