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PHM 321 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions
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PHM 321 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions
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PHM 321 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With CompleteSolutions
"nootropics" and therapeutic goals Correct Answers smart
drugs
goal = improve cognition (enhanced motivation, better
concentration/learning/memory)
2 FDA-approved OTC antitussive drugs and mechanisms of
action Correct Answers dextromethorphan
- bind to opiate receptors in medulla, increase cough threshold
- non-opiate
diphenhydramine
- antihistamine
- anticholinergic effect
- decreases secretions
*general
- absorbed in GI tract, systemic
- cross blood-brain barrier
- low efficacy
3 characteristics of all NSAIDs and 3 general health conditions
they're used to treat Correct Answers 1. reduce pain (analgesic)
2. reduce fever (antipyretic)
3. reduce inflammation (anti-inflammatory)
1. mild to moderate somatic pain
2. headache
,3. menstrual pain
3 drug classes used to treat asthma and their routes of admin.,
mechanism of action, and efficacy Correct Answers
corticosteroids
- inhaled --> high efficacy
- reduce inflammation and prevent airway remodeling
- little systemic absorption
anti-leukotrienes
- leukotrienes are made from arachidonic acid and are
structurally related to prostaglandins, synthesis cat. by 5-
lipoxygenase
- leukotrienes are key chemical mediator (+) of
bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and airway inflammation
- anti-leuks inhibit 5-lipoxygenase to improve lung function
- lower efficacy than corticosteroids
- oral admin.
long-acting B2 agonists (LABAs)
- activate B2 receptors
- cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation
- long duration of action
- inhaled alongside corticosteroid for prophylactic use
3 main types of pain and their primary drug treatment Correct
Answers 1. somatic (nociceptive): muscles, joints, skin -->
NSAIDs
2. visceral (also nociceptive): organs, often severe --> opioids
, 3. neuropathic (non-nociceptive): nervous system
active ingredients in Rx vs. OTC rescue inhalers Correct
Answers Rx
- albuterol
-terbutaline
OTC
- epinephrine
- non-specific sympathomimetic (activates B1 and B2 receptors,
bronchodilation via B2 receptor stimulation and increased heart
rate via B1 receptor stimulation)
- asthmanefrine (not FDA-approved)
ADME and dosing Correct Answers onset of effect determined
by absorption and distribution
duration determined by metabolism and elimination
administration, efficacy, distribution, onset of action,
mechanism of action, and duration of effect for antihistamines
Correct Answers antihistamines
- block effects of histamine by reversibly blocking histamine H1
receptors
- admin. orally (readily absorbed, systemic, rapid onset of
action)
- relieves symptoms in nose and eyes
- lower efficacy than INCSs bc they only block histamine and
not other chemical mediators
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