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COMB 2001 CONSENSUS SEQUENCES ARE DESCRIBED WITH IUPAC AMBIGUOUS NUCLEOTIDE CODES

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COMB 2001 CONSENSUS SEQUENCES ARE DESCRIBED WITH IUPAC AMBIGUOUS NUCLEOTIDE CODES...

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  • August 19, 2024
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COMB 2001 CONSENSUS SEQUENCES ARE
DESCRIBED WITH IUPAC AMBIGUOUS NUCLEOTIDE
CODES


What is a promoter? - ANSWER DNA sequence which RNA polymerase can bind
to and transcribe the protein

Prokaryotic promoters - ANSWER TATAAT -(10 region) 'Pribnow box'

TTGACA - (-35 region)

- two consensus sequences

Prokaryotic RNA polymerase - ANSWER 1 RNA Polymerase makes all 3 kinds of
RNA

Composed of 5 subunits, four comprise the core enzyme

What is the core enzyme? - ANSWER Helps to initiate and synthesize RNA. 4
main polypeptides (2 alpha, 1 beta, 1 beta prime)

1 sigma bound only at initiation - forms holoenzyme

What is the purpose of the sigma subunit in RNA polymerase? - ANSWER Binds
to RNA polymerase and allows the core enzyme to transcribe specific sites at the
promoter

Start site in prokaryotic promoters - ANSWER TG/AT

+1

5-8bp

What is the span of the core/basal region of the eukaryotic promoter? - ANSWER
-30 (TATA) (INR+1) to +30nt (DPE)

What elements are in the core region of the eukaryotic promoter? - ANSWER

, TATA box

Inr (initiator)

DPE (downstream promoter element)

BRE (TFIIB recognition element)

Describe the TATA box consensus sequence - ANSWER -31 to -26nt,
TATAWAWR

Describe the Inr sequence - ANSWER -2 to +4nt, YYANWYY with an A at +1

CpG islands - ANSWER DNA regions rich in C residues adjacent to G residues.
Especially abundant in promoters, these regions are where methylation of cytosine
usually occurs. - core promoter elements

CpG islands are DNA methylation regions in promoters known to regulate gene
expression through transcriptional silencing of the corresponding gene

What is observed in core promoter CpG islands without obvious TATA and Inr
sequences? - ANSWER Lower transcription rate, initiation at multiple start sites

What is the difference between a distal and proximal regulatory promoter element?
- ANSWER Proximal = within 1kb of the start site

Distal = 1kb or more away from the start site

URS - ANSWER URS & Silencer: repressor binding sites - repressor sites

UAS - ANSWER UAS & Enhancer: activator binding sites - Allows activators to
bind

Negative gene regulation in prokaryotes - ANSWER Operon in prokaryotes - on or
off

Repressors can join to operon and block access to the promoter so RNA
polymerase cannot join and transcribe gene

Repressor gene further upstream and specific to repressor protein

... repressor activation is concentration-dependent

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