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2024 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGYFINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
When a person or animal confronts actual (or perceived) danger situations,
what neurochemical and hormonal reactions start to occur? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSnonessential physiological processes shut down (i.e. digestion &
reproduction), energy is channeled into a host of functions preparing for
rapid action.
Stressful events are perceived at the __________, processed at the _______,
which then activates lower brain areas & puts the limbic system on alert -
CORRECT-ANSWERScortex, amygdala
Another method of treating opioid dependence is to have the client take
an _________________ so that the effect of the
opiate will be blocked if it is used. - CORRECT-ANSWERSopiate antagonist
It has been suggested that hypofunction of the ___________ neurons, which
interconnect the four main
areas shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia (prefrontal cortex, mesolimbic,
striatum/
nucleus acumbens, and medial temporal lobe), may be the underlying
pathophysiology. - CORRECT-ANSWERSglutamate
The first-generation antipsychotics produce _____________ side effects due to
the blocking of dopamine
receptors - CORRECT-ANSWERSextrapyramidal
Antipsychotic medications block ____________ receptors and thereby affect
the
parasympathetic nervous system which leads to dry membranes , blurred
vision , intestinal slowing , difficulty
urinating, sedation, and sexual dysfunction - CORRECT-
ANSWERSacetylcholine
The _______________ model proposes that in schizophrenia there is a brain
defect that leads to abnormal development later in life, especially during the
synaptic "pruning" during adolescence - CORRECT-
ANSWERSneurodevelopmental
, Antipsychotic medications produce an _______________ blockade, which leads
to
orthostatic hypotension. - CORRECT-ANSWERSalpha-adrenergic
In contrast to the first-generation antipsychotics, the second-generation
antipsychotics
are strong ________ blockers and produce varying
degrees of dopamine (D2) blockade. - CORRECT-ANSWERSserotonin
_________ antipsychotics generally are effective at treating both positive and
negative symptoms with limited extrapyramidal side effects - CORRECT-
ANSWERSsecond-generation (atypical)
when there is imminent danger, a burst of excitation originates from the
locus coeruleus which releases _____________, which results in instantaneous
hypervigilance. - CORRECT-ANSWERSnorepinephrine
what is responsible for the release of stress hormones? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSlimbic system and hypothalamus by activating the SNS, HTA, or
HPA
_________ ions act as a brake and dampen the limbic alert - CORRECT-
ANSWERSchloride
________ enhance the flow of negative (chloride) ions which results in
widespread calming in may areas of the brain - CORRECT-
ANSWERSbenzodiazepines
excitability in the locus coerulues is also mediated by _______ - CORRECT-
ANSWERSserotonin
in the Locus Coeruleus, serotonin is ____________. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSinhibitory
A decrease in serotonin may impact the locus coeruleus by making it more
disinhibited and more sensitive to ___________. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSactivation
Acquired fears appear to be mediated primarily by the ___________. -
CORRECT-ANSWERSamygdala
After very frightening events, the amygdala ________ certain stimulus events
of the experience. These memories are highly resistant to extinction. -
CORRECT-ANSWERSencodes
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