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PLSI 2 Abosch Exam 2 Study Guide Fresno State questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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PLSI 2 Abosch Exam 2 Study Guide Fresno State questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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PLSI 2 Abosch Exam 2 Study GuideFresno State
Bush v. Gore (2000): - ANSWithout uniform, state-wide standards to determine valid votes, a
manual recount of paper ballots would violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th
Amendment. There is not enough time to devise and implement those standards, so the election
stands as it was originally certified: a victory for George W. Bush.
Political efficacy: - ANSThe sense a person has that someone in his position can influence
government.
The first televised war: - ANSVietnam
Party Membership - ANSIn the U.S., there is no membership fee or restriction. You can become
a member of any political party simply by registering to vote and declaring your desired party
affiliation on the registration form.
Political parties - ANSfunction to give cues to voters, to coordinate policy making, to advocate
policies, to pick candidates and run their campaigns.
In contrast to political parties in Europe, - ANSpolitical parties in the U.S. are relatively weak in
terms of enforcing their will on party members.
The election of 1800 - ANSis significant as the first peaceful transition of power.
Rational choice theory: - ANSpredicts that political parties try to win elections by appealing to
the largest number of voters, with the result that the two major party candidates often seem very
similar.
Turnout and voting - ANSare more likely when citizens have a strong sense of civic duty, a high
feeling of political efficacy, and/or high levels of education and wealth.
The Motor Voter Act: - ANSenables people to register to vote at the same time they fill out the
form to renew their driver's license.
Primaries to choose candidates for the major parties were - ANSthe product of early 20th
century reformers who wanted to limit the power of corrupt "political machines."
As the number of people granted the right to vote has increased over time, - ANSthe proportion
of the population actually exercising the right to vote has decreased.
, Retrospective voting: - ANSthe idea that voters choose a candidate on the basis of his past
performance rather than his promises for the future. On this theory, voters ask what the
candidate accomplished while in office.
Interest groups and political parties both - ANSattempt to implement policy, but unlike parties,
interest groups never run their own candidates for office.
Public opinion analysts mostly agree that the public's level of knowledge about politics is -
ANSVery low
Prop 13 was the - ANSCalifornia initiative which lowered property taxes.
Primaries are the - ANSmost common method by which political parties choose delegates to
their national conventions.
The Federal Election Commission (FEC): - ANSa bipartisan board, created in the 1970s, which
is responsible for administering election laws.
Public opinion: - ANSthe distribution of a population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.
Soft money: - ANSmoney contributed to the political parties rather than directly to candidates so
as to avoid the limits on direct contributions set by campaign finance law. Soft money is
supposed to be used only for advertising to get out the vote or to inform the public on general
political themes, not to promote a particular candidate directly.
Media Event - ANSan apparently impromptu, but actually carefully orchestrated scene, which a
politician uses to convey a particular image of himself to the public.
Political campaigns - ANSrarely convert people to a new set of beliefs, but they can be very
effective at reinforcing existing beliefs and energizing voters already friendly to the campaign.
Ticket-splitting: - ANSwhen a voter chooses a Democratic candidate for one office and a
Republican candidate for a different office.
Subgovernments: - ANSalso called Iron Triangles, these create obstacles to political reform and
are composed of an interest group, the federal agency which regulates the area in which the
interest group is interested, and the congressional committee which oversees that area.
Exit polls: - ANSpolls taken immediately after people exit the voting booth, and used to make
early predictions of the outcome of an election.
Hyperpluralism - ANSthe theory which envisions the American political system as crippled by an
excessive number of competing interest groups.
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