Bio 114 Exam 3 (Answered) 190 Questions and
Correct Answers With Complete Solution, 100% Correct,
Latest Updated Fall 2024/2025.
Living Organisms are distinguished by?
Their ability to reproduce their own kind
Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Variation
Demonstrates the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings
Genetics
The Scientific study of heredity and variation
Genes
The unit of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA
Gametes (sperm and eggs)
Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells
DNA is packaged into what
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do humans have in their somatic cells
46
Somatic Cells
All cells of the body except gametes and their precursors
Locus
A gene's specific position along a chromosome
Asexual Reproduction
A single individual passes all of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes
Clone
A group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent
Sexual Reproduction
, Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combination of genes inherited from the two parents
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human somatic cell have
23 pairs (46 total)
Karyotype
An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
The two chromosomes in each pair are called what
Homologous chromosomes, or homologs (one from your mother and one from your father)
Chromosomes in a homologous pair are
The same length and shape and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters
In a cell in which DNA synthesis has occurred
Each chromosome is replicated
Each replicated chromosome consists of what
Two identical sister chromatids
Sex Chromosomes
Determine the sex of the individual
Sex chromosomes are called
X and Y
Human females have what kind of sex chromosomes
A homologous pair of X chromosomes (XX)
Human males have what kind of sex chromosomes
One X and one Y chromosome
Autosomes
The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes
Each pair of homologous chromosomes include what
One chromosome from each parent
The 46 chromosomes in a human somatic cell are what
Two sets of 23: one from mother and one from the father
Diploid cell (2n)
Has two sets of chromosomes
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