110, 160, 120, 130 - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..During the first few minutes after birth, the fetal
heart rate is ____ to ____. Thereafter, it slows to an average of ____ to ____.
20 mm Hg - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..When measuring BP, inflate to what pressure after the loss
of pulse.
3 - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Children younger than __ should have BP measured if they have
- congenital heart defect
- Hx of prematurity
- recurrent UTI
- malignancy
- illness associated with hypertension
- increased ICP
7 liter/minute - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This is normal cardiac output.
80, 85 - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Blood volume of the newborn at birth is usually estimated to be
__ to __ mL/kg of body weight, but this may vary by 25-40 percent, depending on when
the cord was clamped.
afterload - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This is the resistance against which the ventricles pump.
aorta - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..After passing through the aortic valve, blood flows into the _____.
aorta - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Identify this structure.
aortic area - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
aortic area - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Identify 1.
aortic area - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This is found at the second intercostal space at the right
side of the sternal boarder.
aortic valve - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..
aortic valve - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left
ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
, aortic valve - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..When the left ventricle contracts, blood flow through the
arteries, vein - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The two umblical _____ and one umbilical ____ begin to
constrict at birth because blood flow ceases, slowly become ligaments.
auscultation - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This is the preferred BP method in children.
bladder - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The cuff _____ length should cover 80 to 100 percent of the
arm
blood flow - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Heart sounds can be auscultated in the five traditional
points, but the four valve areas do not reflect anatomic location. Rather they reflect the
way in which heart sounds radiate to the chest wall. Sounds always travel in the
direction of _____ _____.
BP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This should be measured on the same limb, at the same time, in
the same position with each subsequent reading.
bradycardia - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..After birth, this is associated with apnea and is often seen
with hypoxia.
catecholamines - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The increase in these at birth stimulates increased
cardiac output, surfactant release, and promotion of pulmonary fluid clearance.
catecholamines - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The physical forces of labor contractions, increased
intracranial pressure from cord compression, mild asphyxia, and cold stress after birth
cause the release of ______ that are critical to the transition to extrauterine life.
coarctation of the aorta - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..If the BP is lower in the leg than in the arm,
then always consider this.
congenital heart defect - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..If pulse pressure is unusually wide or narrow,
this is suspected.
contractility - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Than can be affected by MI or hypertrophy of the muscle.
crescendo - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..These are systolic murmurs that are louder.
cyanosis - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..This is when the child turns blue, especially while eating, and
especially of the hands and feet.
decreased pulmonary flow - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..These defects are a right to left shunt.
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