Exam (elaborations)
2024 NBME CBSE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
2024 NBME CBSE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
2024 NBME CBSE EXAM WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
Down Syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERStri 21
Flat face
protruding tongue
Small ears
Duodenal atresia (double bubble)
umbilical hernia
Cause of Down Syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSMeiotic Nondisjuncition
Translocation *t(14;21)*
Mosaicism
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSsurfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT-ANSWERSKilled = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
What should you give a child who is breastfed - CORRECT-ANSWERSVit D
Biliary Emesis (2 causes) - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Midgut *Malrotation around
SMA*
--> fibrous bands
= intestinal obstruction below duodenum
2. *Intestinal atresia* of jej or ileum
Necrotizing Entercolitis - CORRECT-ANSWERS*pre-me *
air in bowel
- (lucency parallels lumen)
Bloody stool
Hirschsprung - CORRECT-ANSWERS*failed NCC migration *
*rectum *always involved
cannot pass meconium
,O2 supplementation can cause what in infant - CORRECT-ANSWERSabnormal
retinal vascularization
Patau - CORRECT-ANSWERStri 13
CL/P
Omphalocele
Rockerbottom
Edwards - CORRECT-ANSWERS*Tri 18*
Low ears
Small mandible
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT-ANSWERSAmniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSSquamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERSmacrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT-ANSWERSLysine interchain
crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERSAir pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT-ANSWERSExhale of Tidal
Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT-ANSWERSLHF, pulmonary
edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT-ANSWERSemphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERSDECREASE
ERV & FRC
,Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT-ANSWERSpulmonary =
systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT-ANSWERSBronchial circulation
causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT-ANSWERSBASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSbasic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSlow pH, high 2,3BPG,
high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERS*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERScarboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERSlactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT-ANSWERS*Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - CORRECT-ANSWERSACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - CORRECT-ANSWERSPMN influx (ie: in lungs)
, Korotkoff sound - CORRECT-ANSWERSBP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT-ANSWERS10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - CORRECT-ANSWERSCardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - CORRECT-ANSWERSJVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - CORRECT-ANSWERSAirway widening due to *radial
traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - CORRECT-ANSWERS*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
Hyper Ca causes - CORRECT-ANSWERSstones, thrones, groans, psych
overtones
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages - CORRECT-ANSWERSPTH independent
conversion of
Calcifediol to *calcitriol* (bioactive Vit D)
Vit D --> Hyper Ca
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - CORRECT-ANSWERS*Honeycomb* pattern
loss of Type 1 pneumocytes
*hyperplasia Type II* pneumocytes
Goodpasture - CORRECT-ANSWERSHS II
Auto-Ab against BM destroys lung alveoli (*restrictive*) and renal glomeruli
Obstructive Lung Disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSDECREASED FEV1,
Decreased FVC
increased RV, FRC, TLC
**different shape
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Elitaa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $24.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80364 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now