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2024 WKU Nursing Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Cellular Pathophysiology exam with correct answers
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2024 WKU Nursing Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Cellular Pathophysiology exam with correct answers
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2024 WKU NursingPathophysiology Chapter 1
Cellular Pathophysiology exam
with correct answers
What is the progression to cancer? - CORRECT-ANSWERSNormal to
Hyperplasia to Dysplasia to Cancer
Are cancerous tumors malignant or benign? - CORRECT-ANSWERSMalignant
What are malignant tumors? - CORRECT-ANSWERSTumors that can spread
into or invade nearby tissues
What can happen as tumors grow? - CORRECT-ANSWERSSome cancer cells
can break off and travel to distant places in the body through the blood or
lymph system and form a new tumor far from the original tumor
What are benign tumors? - CORRECT-ANSWERSTumors that do not spread
into or invade nearby tissue
What is important to note about benign tumors? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThey
can be large and when removed they usually do not grow back
True or False:
Tumors can use immune system to stay alive and grow. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSTrue
True or False:
Cancer cells can influence the microenvironment. - CORRECT-ANSWERSTrue
True or false:
Cancer cells can influence the immune system and hide from the immune
system. - CORRECT-ANSWERSTrue
What is the most common type of cancer? - CORRECT-ANSWERScarcinoma
What are carcinomas formed from? - CORRECT-ANSWERSEpithelial cells
What are the different types of carcinomas? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAdenocarcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
,Squamous cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
What type of carcinoma is associated with a solid organ tumor? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAdenocarcinoma
What type of carcinoma is associated with the gut? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBasal cell carcinoma
Cells attempt to prevent their own death from environmental changes
through what? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAdaptation
What is atrophy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe disuse of cells causing them to
become smaller
What happens to the cells when cellular work demands decrease? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSThe cells decrease in size and number; they use less
oxygen and the organelles decrease in size and number
What is hypertrophy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe enlargement of cells due to
increased workload
Once the stressor that is causing hypertrophy is removed what happens to
the cells? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThey can go back to normal
What is hyperplasia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAn increase in the number of cells
in an organ or tissue. A stressor produces more cells
What is metaplasia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSA change in the shape of the cell
do to a stressor
What is dysplasia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPre-cancerous cells; cells that
mutate into cells of a different size, shape, and appearance
Dysplasia is abnormal but can it be reversed? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPotentially if the trigger is removed
When does cellular injury and death occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen the
cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
What could the injury of a cell be? - CORRECT-ANSWERSReversible or
irreversible
What are the types of cell injury? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
, Infectious agents
Immunologic Reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutritional imbalances
What is oxygen deprivation or a deficiency of circulating oxygen? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypoxia
What are the causes of hypoxia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSReduced blood flow
(ischemia)
cardiorespiratory failure
Decreased O2 carrying capacity
What conditions is hypoxia seen in? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAnemia
carbon monoxide poisoning
Acute blood loss
Hypoxia is an example of what type of cell injury? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSOxygen deprivation
What are physical agents of cell injury? - CORRECT-ANSWERSMechanical
trauma
Extremes in temperature
Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure
Radiation
Electric shock
Mechanical trauma
Extremes in temperature
Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure
Radiation
Electric shock
Are all an example of what type of cell injury? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPhysical
agents
What are chemical agents and drugs of cell injury? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGlucose
Hypertonic saline
O2 at high concentrations (60% or higher for more than 60 minutes)
Poisons
Recreational drugs (alcohol, cocaine)
Environmental pollutants
What is "cell homicide"? - CORRECT-ANSWERSNecrosis
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