2024 AFM 121 MidTerm Exam New Latest Exam Best
Studying Material Updated Recent Version with Questions
and Answers
Only the surgeon who will ultimately treat the child should perform the ___________,
since this procedure can interfere with subsequent abdominal examinations and
imaging upon which the decision to operate may be partially based.
DPL (diagnostic peritoneal lavage) - ans -
-If the child's hemodynamic condition cannot be normalized and the diagnostic
procedure performed is positive for blood, perform a prompt _________________ to
control hemorrhage.
Laparotomy - ans
Small bowel perforations at or near the ligament of __________ are more common in
children than in adults, as are mesenteric and small bowel avulsion injuries.
Treitz - ans -
-______________
rupture is also more common in children than in adults, because of the shallow depth of
the child's pelvis.
Bladder - ans
It is important to place an appropriately sized endotracheal tube (ETT), as placing a
tube that is too small will make ventilation, clearing of secretions, and bronchoscopy
difficult or impossible. Efforts should be made to use endotracheal tubes at least
__________ mm ID or larger in an adult and size 4.5 mm ID ETT in a child.
7.5 - ans -
-__________________ inhalation from the products of combustion is possible in burns
occurring in confined spaces, in which case the clinician should consult with a burn or
poison control center. A sign of potential toxicity is persistent, profound, unexplained
metabolic acidosis.
Cyanide - ans
Doubled - ans -Not only is the care of patients with inhalation injury more complex, but
their mortality is ________________ compared with other burn injured individuals.
Bronchoscopy - ans -The American Burn Association has identified two requirements
for the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury: exposure to a combustible agent and signs
of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, seen on
_______________________.
,Escharotomy - ans -If a full-thickness burn of the anterior and lateral chest wall leads to
severe restriction of chest wall motion, even in the absence of a circumferential burn,
chest wall ____________________ may be required.
20% - ans -Clinicians should provide burn resuscitation fluids for deep partial and full-
thickness burns larger than _______% TBSA, taking care not to over-resuscitate.
2 mL - ans -The current consensus guidelines state that fluid resuscitation should begin
at ___ mL of lactated Ringer's x patient's body weight in kg x % TBSA for second- and
third-degree burns. (First 1/2 over the first 8 hours, 2nd half over the next 16)
30 - ans -In adults, urine output should be maintained between _______ and 50 cc/ hr
to minimize potential over-resuscitation.
Trimodal - ans -The ___________ distribution of deaths implies that death due to injury
occurs in one of three periods or peaks.
Repeated - ans -The primary and secondary surveys are __________ frequently to
identify any change in the patient's status that indicates the need for additional
intervention.
Clotting - ans -With extensive placental separation or amniotic fluid embolization,
widespread intravascular ______________ may develop, causing depletion of
fibrinogen, other clotting factors, and platelets.
Rh immunoglobulin - ans -All pregnant Rh-negative trauma patients should receive
___________ ______________________ therapy within 72 hours of injury unless the
injury is remote from the uterus (e.g., isolated distal extremity injury).
Intimate partner - ans -_________________ ________________ violence is a major
cause of injury to women during cohabitation, marriage, and pregnancy, regardless of
ethnic background, cultural influences, or socioeconomic status.
Limitations - ans -It is essential that clinicians assess their own capabilities and
___________________, as well as those of their institution, to allow for early
differentiation between patients who may be safely cared for in the local hospital and
those who require transfer for definitive care.
Highest - ans -Patients who exhibit evidence of shock, significant physiologic
deterioration, or progressive deterioration in neurologic status require the
____________ level of care and will likely benefit from timely transfer
Name - ans -Clinicians can quickly assess A,B,Cs in a trauma patient by identifying
themselves, asking the patient for his/her __________, and asking what happened.
, Definitive - ans -Establish a _________ airway if there is any doubt about the patients
ability to maintain airway integrity.
Cervical spine - ans -While assessing and managing a patient's airway, take great care
to prevent excessive movement of the _____________ ____________.
Positive pressure ventilation - ans -A simple pneumothorax can be converted to a
tension pneumothorax when a patient is intubated and _______________
___________ _________________ is provided before decompressing the
pneumothorax with a chest tube.
Intravascular - ans -Definitive bleeding control is essential, along with appropriate
replacement of ___________________ volume.
Hemorrhage - ans -Aggressive and continued volume resuscitation is not a substitute
for definitive control of ________________.
Brain - ans -Patients with evidence of ___________ injury should be treated at a facility
that has the personnel and resources to anticipate and manage the patient's needs;
transfer should be initiated as soon as recognized.
Hypothermia - ans -___________________ can be present when the patient arrives or
may develop quickly in the ED if patient is uncovered, and undergoes rapid
administration of room-temp fluids or refrigerated blood.
Delay - ans -It is important to not ___________ transfer to perform an in-depth
diagnostic evaluation; only undertake testing that enhances the ability to resuscitate,
stabilize, and ensure the patient's safe transfer.
Secondary - ans -The _______________ survey does not begin until the primary
(ABCDE) is completed, resuscitative efforts are underway, and improvement of the
patient's vital functions has been demonstrated.
Maxillofacial - ans -Patients with ________________ or head trauma should be
presumed to have a cervical spine injury, and cervical spine motion must be restricted.
Vaginal - ans -___________________ examination should be performed in patients
who are at risk of vaginal injury.
Protection - ans -__________________ of the spinal cord is required at all times until a
spine injury is excluded; early consultation with a neurosurgeon or orthopedic surgeon
is necessary if a spinal injury is detected.
Reevaluated - ans -Trauma patients must be _______________ constantly to ensure
that new findings are not overlooked and discover any deterioration in previously noted
findings.
