Exam (elaborations)
West-E Social Studies
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West-E Social Studies
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West-E Social StudiesWhat did Aristotle and Plato believe about political science? - ANS It would lead to
order in political matters and that this organized order would create stable, just
societies
How did Thomas Aquinas influence political study? - ANS He adapted the ideas of
Aristotle to a Christian perspective. Focused on having certain rights and
responsibilities. Laid the groundwork for what would become modern
constitutionalism.
How did Niccolo Machiavelli influence political study? - ANS He wrote The Prince
and was a proponent of politics based on power.
How did Thomas Hobbes influence political study? - ANS Author of Leviathan
(1651); believed that individual's lives were focused on the quest for power; and
the state must control this urge. People were unable to live in harmony without
government intervention.
How did John Locke influence political study? - ANS Wrote Two Treatises of Civil
Government (1690); argued against Hobbes ideas; idea of "tabula rasa" or blank
slate; Experience molds individual minds, not innate knowledge or intuition; all
men were essentially good; many of his ideas were included in the US Constitution
How did Montesquieu and Rousseau influence political study? - ANS (1789-1815)
heavily influenced the French revolution; believed government policies should
,change to alleviate existing problems "liberalism" Wrote: "The Social Contract
(1762); "Declaration of he Rights of Man" and "The Citizen (1789)
How did Hume and Bentham influence political study? - ANS "the greatest
happiness for the greatest number"; believed in empiricism - proof must be
observed in order to believe an idea
How did John Stuart Mill influence political study? - ANS British philosopher and
economist; progressive - women's suffrage; emancipation; and development of
labor organizations and farming coops (1806-1873)
How did Fichte and Hegel influence political study? - ANS 18th century German
philosophers; supported a form of liberalism grounded largely in socialism and a
sense of nationalism
What is liberalism? - ANS Belief that government policies should change to
alleviate existing problems
What is paternalism? - ANS Condescending belief that a superior is "helping"
someone in a subordinate position (like master to slave) because that person is
incapable of helping themselves
Federalism - ANS power of the government does not belong entirely to the
national government, but is divided between national and state governments
, popular sovereignty - ANS government is determined by the people and gains its
authority and power from the people
separation of powers - ANS government is divided into three branches - executive,
legislative and judicial
judicial review - ANS courts at all levels of government can declare laws invalid if
they contradict the constitutions of individual station, or the US constitution
liberal political orientation - ANS believes in working to increase equality,
sometimes at the expense of some freedoms, but overall government should not
interfere with individual freedom
conservate political orientation - ANS government should be limited in all cases
except those of supporting longstanding moral values, often tied to religious
beliefs; allow citizens to solve social issues; little to no regulation on businesses
moderate political orientation - ANS incorporates ome liberal and some
conservative values
libertarian - ANS limiting the role of government to the defense of the country and
supporting social as well as economic freedom
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