Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp Questions And Answers With Verified Updates
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Biology 1320 - UPEI Kemp
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Biology 1320 - UPEI Kemp
Species - group of individuals with the potential to interbreed and produce viable offspring
*some asexual organisms are recognized as species although they do not breed.
archaebacteria - microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure, but
radically different in ...
Biology 1320 Midterm - UPEI Kemp
Species - group of individuals with the potential to interbreed and produce viable offspring
*some asexual organisms are recognized as species although they do not breed.
archaebacteria - microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure, but
radically different in molecular organization. now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group
between the bacteria and eukaryotes
prokaryote - a single celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane or other
specialized organelles. prokaryotes include bacteria and cyanobacteria
eukaryotes - an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the
form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms except
eubacteria and archaebacteria
eubacteria - a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls, and
often flagella for movement. the group comprises of the "true" bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct
from archaebacteria. found mainly in intestines of vertebrates and in soil.
Mycoplasms - any group of small parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and sometimes cause
disease
hierarchy - any system of persons or things ranked one above the other; groups in groups
1. biosphere
2. ecosystems and biomes
3. communities
4. populatiokns
5. organisms
6. organs and systems
7. tissues
,8. cells
9. organelles
10. molecules
new properties emerge at each level
hierarchical structure - groups nested within groups
hypothesis - Science: an explanation that can be tested and falsified
non-science: an assumption or guess
speculation - conclusion based on thinking about a subject. in science, we frame a question, test
it, and are ready to abandon it.
theory - science: broad explanation supported by a huge body of evidence
non-science: speculation
evolution - the change in genetic composition of a population over time
earth and solar system originated... - ~4.6 b.y.a.
early earth conditions (atmosphere and water temp, presence of organisms) - atmosphere: water
vapour, volcanic gases, methane, CO2, H2S, N2
water temp: very hot - 40-60C̊
Lab experts produced organic molecules that eventually formed reproducing molecules in these types of
conditions... therefore we speculate that organic molecules formed, eventually forming reproducing
molecules
fossils - -evidence of past life
-most in sedimentary rock
-older fossils are in older rock layers
, -position says one is older than other
dating fossils - radiometric dating - based on decay time for radioactive isotopes
origin of earth - clock analogy - 1. origin of earth and solar system ~4.6 b.y.a
2. prokaryotes (orange)
-first fossils 3.5 b.y.a: e.g. bacterial mats (stromatolites)
-likely appeared 3.9 b.y.a
3. the oxygen revolution (pink)
-O2 waste products from photosynthetic organisms filled the water and was released into the
atmosphere.
-new atmosphere toxic to organisms - changing environment - organisms went extinct, found anaerobic
habitats, or adapted (cellular respiration)
4. evolution of eukaryotes (unicellular - grey)
-oldest fossils ~2.1 b.y.a
-endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes (hypothesis)
a) infolding of membrane
i) Golgi apparatus
ii) endoplasmic reticulum
b) ancestral prokaryote engulfs another prokaryote
i) aerobic cell - mitochondria
ii) anaerobic cell - plastid
5. Multicellularity (baby blue)
-first fossils 1.2 b.y.a
-specialized cells for reproduction
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