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2024 RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 RASMUSSENPATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
pH imbalance characterized by increased ketones in the urine caused by
insufficient insulin; if cells are starved for energy, the body may begin to
break down fat-producing toxic acids (ketones). - CORRECT-
ANSWERSDiabetic Ketoacidosis
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire
stomach or a region) - CORRECT-ANSWERSGastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration
with hemorrhage - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by
nausea and epigastric pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute Gastritis
A defect in the diaphragm allowing part of the stomach to pass through into
the thorax. Associated with conditions that increase intrabdominal pressure
such as ascites,
pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining or coughing
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - Heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHiatal Hernia
Inflammation of the liver. - CORRECT-ANSWERSHepatitis
spread by fecal oral route; most adults develop jaundice
o SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: malaise, anorexia, nausea, low grade fever, and right
upper
quadrant pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSHepatitis A
Spread by parental contact with infected body fluids
o SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - can have no symptoms to moderate illness to
fulminant
hepatitis; major risk factor for hepatocellular cancer - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHepatitis B
spread through blood and blood product; major risk factor for hepatocellular
cancer - CORRECT-ANSWERSHepatitis C
,Most common form of liver cancer; usually occurs in patients with underlying
chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - Weight loss, upper abdominal pain, jaundice, anorexia
TREATMENT- surgery, transplant, freezing or heating the cancer cells, and
chemotherapy - CORRECT-ANSWERSHepatocellular Carcinoma
Cancer of the stomach
RISK FACTORS? - Smoking, diets low in fruits and vegetables, and twice the
risk if H. Pylori
is found in stomach
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - no early signs or symptoms;
Later symptoms: anorexia, weight loss, and GI bleeding; hidden blood in
stool (occult)
and anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSGastric Carcinoma
Congenital disorder of large intestine- inadequate innervation of colon; with
absent autonomic nerve ganglia in smooth muscle or very reduced if present
CAUSES? - Genetic mutation; Cause unknown
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - no bowel movement within 48 hours in a newborn,
swollen belly, gas,
failure to thrive, fatigue, vomiting, chronic constipation, or diarrhea in
children - CORRECT-ANSWERSHirschsprung Disease
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT-ANSWERSChronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT-
ANSWERSChronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
hematemesis. - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull
epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSChronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection
or allergic reaction - CORRECT-ANSWERSGastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease -
CORRECT-ANSWERSChronic Gastroenteritis
Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or
undercooked chicken or eggs - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and
vomiting - CORRECT-ANSWERSGastroenteritis
, Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSHelicobacter
pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause
inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and
stress) may increase the susceptibility - CORRECT-ANSWERSHelicobacter
pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSGastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT-
ANSWERSChronic Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal
cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and
dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can
also back up into the esophagus. - CORRECT-ANSWERSGERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages,
citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol
consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain medications
(e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and
anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying -
CORRECT-ANSWERSGERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of
food, and sensation of a lump in the throat. - CORRECT-ANSWERSGERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer,
and chronic pulmonary disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSGERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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