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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Psoriatic arthritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSAn inflammatory arthritis associated
with psoriasis of the skin; joint pain and aching
What causes gout? - CORRECT-ANSWERSoverproduction of uric acid;
deposits of uric acid crystals in tissues and fluids.
Complications of compartment syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSmuscle loss,
amputation, infection, nerve damage, and kidney failure, extreme pain
5 P's of compartment syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSpain, pallor,
pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia
muscular dystrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSgroup of hereditary diseases
characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness
Sign vs Symptom - CORRECT-ANSWERSA sign is objective, meaning it is what
you observe.
A symptom is subjective, meaning it is what the patient tells you what they
feel.
The four components of Pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSetiology,
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment implications
Homeostasis - CORRECT-ANSWERSA tendency to maintain a balanced or
constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such
as blood glucose, around a particular level
How is fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments distributed? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSFluid is distributed by osmosis
Osteoporosis Etiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSCharacterized by progressive
loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to
fractures
-cause not completely known
-reduction of bone mass
-most common in women ages 55-65: menopausal women (white and asian)
(low estrogen)
, -Senile osteoporosis 70 - 85 years
-Genetic
-Having small bone structures
-Lack of exercise
-Smoking, alcohol, poor diet
-steroids
-low calcium diet
-excessive caffeine
-High protein diet
Best prevention for pressure ulcers - CORRECT-ANSWERSFrequent turning
and repositioning of patients
Main complication of sodium imbalance - CORRECT-ANSWERSNeurological
symptoms such as confusion, seizures, coma, headache
Main complication of calcium imbalance - CORRECT-ANSWERSHeart and
muscle problems
How fluid is lost or excreted from the body - CORRECT-ANSWERS§
Gastrointestinal losses
§ Excessive diaphoresis
§ Prolonged hyperventilation
§ Hemorrhage
§ Nephrosis
§ Diabetes mellitus
§ Diabetes insipidus
§ Burns
§ Open wounds
§ Ascites
§ Effusions
§ Excessive use of diuretics
§ Osmotic diuresis
How do we lose fluid from extracellular compartment - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSweating, excessive crying, hyperventilation, vomiting
What is a potential and fatal complication from hyponatremia - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSeizures and comas
Priority assessment for a patient with potassium imbalance - CORRECT-
ANSWERSThe heart; EKG
Symptoms of dehydration - CORRECT-ANSWERSthirst, headache, fatigue,
loss of appetite, dry eyes, dry mouth, dark-colored urine
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