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NR 546 Midterm Exam verified Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 already graded A
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NR 546 Midterm Exam verified Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 already graded A
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NR 546 Midterm Exam verifiedQuestions and Answers Latest Update
2024/2025 already graded A
is a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke more deadly? - hemorrhagic
what artery is most often affected with stroke? - MCA
neuromuscular causes of weakness post-stroke - - lack of appropriate muscle activation
- altered motor unit recruitment and discharge frequency
- earlier onset of central or peripheral fatigue
musculoskeletal causes of weakness post-stroke - - changes in connective tissue
- shortening of sarcomeres
- atrophy secondary to inactivity and immobility
with MCA stroke, arm or leg is more affected? - arm
with MCA stroke, more distal or proximal involvement? - distal
with MCA stroke, more fine motor or gross motor involvement? - fine motor
treatment for post-stroke weakness - task-oriented functional training
muscle tone - resistance to passive stretch
hypotonia - low muscle stiffness/resistance
hypertonia - high muscle stiffness/resistance regardless of velocity
range of muscle tone - flaccidity, hypotonia, normal, spasticity, rigidity
spasticity - velocity dependent increases in resistance to passive stretch
clonus - cyclical, spasmodic alternation of muscle contraction and relaxation in
response to quick stretch
rigidity - velocity independent increase in resistance to passive stretch
, spastic posturing - - adducted and flexed upper limb
- extended lower limb
- plantar flexed and inverted foot
hypertonia patterns in UE - scapular retraction and downward rotation, shoulder add, IR,
and depression, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion and adduction, finger
flexion
hypertonia patterns in LE - pelvis retraction, downward rotation, hip adduction, IR, and
extension, knee extension, ankle PF, inversion, trunk lateral flexion (to side of higher
tone)
penumbra - area just outside area of infarction that has decreased oxygen supply
is thrombotic or embolic stroke more common? - thrombotic
thrombotic stroke - blood clot develops on arterial wall of a brain blood vessel due to
plaque/fatty deposit build up
embolic stroke - plaque/fatty buildup from the body breaks off and blocks blood flow in a
brain blood vessel
hemorrhagic stroke - stroke in which injury is due to bleeding, leaking or rupture of a
blood vessel
ischemic stroke - stroke in which blood supply is cut off
what percentage of strokes are ischemic? - 80-85%
number one risk factor for stroke - hypertension
transient ischemic attack - episode of temporary and focal cerebral dysfunction of
vascular origin, usually lasting 2-15 minutes, definitely less than 24 hours
ischemia - area with a lack of blood supply
infarction - area of tissue necrosis
stroke survival rate - 85%
stroke survivors have what chance of having another stroke within 5 years? - 30%
stroke - rapidly developing clinical signs of focal disturbance of cerebral function, lasting
more than 24 hours, with no apparent cause other than vascular origin
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