MGMT 209 Final Exam || A+ Verified Solutions.
The Constitution establishes what? correct answers The branches of the national government.
The British government in colonial times... correct answers For the most part left the colonists
alone to govern themselves.
Massachusetts had what kind of government during colonial times? correct answers Church-
dominated.
Virginia had what kind of government during colonial times? correct answers A representative
government.
French and Indian war correct answers The British decided to charge the colonists for the cost of
the war through taxes.
(the colonists got pissed)
The Sons of Liberty correct answers - Boston Tea Party
- burned down a governor's house
- Probably responsible for the Boston Massacre
- We would call them terrorists, today.
The American government under the Articles of Confederation... correct answers - Couldn't levy
taxes
- very, very weak government formed
(T/F) Pennsylvania and Virginia went to war with each other early on. correct answers True
(T/F) North Carolina threatened to leave the union because the federal government wouldn't
protect their western lands from the Indians. correct answers True
Shay's Rebellion correct answers - Banks are foreclosing on farmers
(after a war there is usually a downturn in the economy)
- Banks borrowed out land for farmers to grow crops on, but with the downturn in the economy,
farmers were unable to pay the banks.
- Daniel Shay (a revolutionary war hero) was rallied around, and raided a federal arsenal and
took all the guns.
- Went around to courthouses stopping the foreclosure sales with their new guns.
- It was essentially a delay tactic, and it worked
- The banks complain to the federal government, and the fed. govt. asks for money in order to
help out with the problem.
- The *only* state that donates money is Virginia (because remember the government didn't have
the power to tax)
What kind of problems did the American Revolution make for the British Government? correct
answers - other colonies saw this happen and fought for independence from Britain as well.
,- Revolutions happen all over the world
*This pisses off the British*
What backlash did Shay's rebellion have on the new American Government? correct answers -
People start asking "if you can't even stop a bunch of farmers, how do you expect to stop the
British when they come back??"
- This scares the government, so....
- they agree to redo, fix, amend, etc, the Articles of Confederation.
- the AOC said that in order for it to be amended, it required a *unanimous* vote from all of the
13 states.
- Only a handful of states show up to amend the AOC in Maryland.
- They plan to reconvene the next year in Philadelphia to amend AOC. 12 out of the 13 states
show up (Rhode island is the only one that doesn't go.)
Big vs. Small states correct answers - similar to the "red vs. blue states" today
- big states asserted that they should be more powerful.
- The Virginia Plan is proposed at the meetings to redo the AOC. The plan allows big states to
dominate.
The Virginia Plan correct answers - Proposed at the meeting to redo the AOC.
- Allowed big states to dominate over smaller states.
- This pissed off New Jersey (a small state)
- This plan was proposed although the original plan was to just *amend* the AOC, rather than
replacing it.
What was compromised during the Congress of the Confederation (Continental Congress)?
correct answers - They compromised the idea that it took a unanimous vote to change anything
from the AOC. Instead, they agreed on a super majority (3/4) in order to continue. (this was
proposed so that they could get around Rhode Island's absenteeism.)
- Both big states and little states refused to back down, so another course of action had to be
thought of.
- Virginia plan was vehemently opposed by small states.
- Connecticut steps up and suggests that they could have it "both ways"
- This is called the Great (Connecticut) Compromise. Virginia wanted two houses in their plan,
both to be dominated by population. New Jersey, wanted a unicameral government where each
state got one vote. Connecticut proposes a house of representatives based off of population, and a
senate where each state will be equal.
- This is congress as we know it today.
- (see "Slavery Compromises" note card)
- they just left out things that they couldn't agree on (such as slavery, who could vote, etc.). They
left it with the Committee of Unfinished Business.
Slavery Compromises correct answers - South Carolina suggests that they should be able to
include slaves in their population count (and therefore be more powerful because of it)
- other states disagree (northern states had already gotten rid of slavery)
- The north agrees to not talk about slavery so that the south doesn't walk out.
,- here comes the 3/5 compromise.
3/5 Compromise correct answers - The north's response to NC trying to include slaves in their
demographic numbers.
- it asserted that slaves would count as 3/5 of one person in their population count.
- in return, slave owners gave up their "right" to import slaves after 20 years.
- *they also gave up control of international trade to the national government.*
(T/F) When laying out the design of Washington D.C., they forgot to include a national
courthouse. correct answers True. It ended up meeting in the basement of the capitol building.
How is power divided up in the constitution? correct answers Between three branches of
government, and between the national and state government.
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists correct answers - Federalists supported the Constitution, Anti-
Federalists did not.
- Federalists: John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison.
- Anti-Federalists: Thomas Jefferson.
Bill of Rights correct answers - When the Constitution was ratified in Massachusetts, a Bill of
Rights was called for in order to protect the rights of people and state governments. This also
limited the federal govt. by only letting them do what they are specifically allowed to do.
- only 3 rights given in the constitution:
- habeas corpus
- double jeopardy
- bill of attiander
- originally to limit the national government (states didn't HAVE to grant you freedom of speech,
etc)
- Barren vs. Baltimore: Barren owns a wharf that was rendered totally obsolete when there was a
bunch of dirt put in it; Supreme court rules that the BoR doesn't apply to the states so it's ok that
he didn't have due process.
- Happened before the 14th amendment, so he got screwed over.
What are the powers of the federal govt. listed in the Constitution, and where are they found?
correct answers The enumerated powers clause:
- Power to regulate business (the commerce clause)
The commerce clause correct answers Gives the natl. govt. the power to regulate:
- international commerce
- intranational commerce (among the states)
- commerce with the Indian tribes
Court Cases Pertaining to the Commerce Clause correct answers - Gibbons vs. Ogden
- NLRB vs. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp.
- Wickard vs. Filburn
, - McLain vs. Real Estate Board of New Orleans inc.
- United States v. Lopez
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) correct answers - About steam boat travel between New York and
New Jersey
- each state had given different companies rights to use Hudson river (therein lies the problem)
- this means that the National Government could regulate it (interstate commerce)
NLRB vs. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) correct answers - J&L doesn't agree to be
regulated by NLRB so they go to court
- Directly involved in only *one* state
- *courts ruled that as long as you INFLUENCE interstate commerce, then you can be regulated
by the Federal Government even though it takes place in one state*
- (they sell their steel out of state anyway)
- huge expansion in the commerce clause
Wickard vs. Filburn correct answers - Farmers got practically wiped out in the Great Depression
- Over produces every year
- you could only grow a crop if you are licensed, apparently
- Wickard grew wheat was apparently illegal, and only got caught after the fact. The government
tried to penalize him under the commerce clause.
- apparently he *effected* interstate commerce even though he was completely sustainable and
independent
- here lies where *aggregate* totals become a thing
- "if every farmer did what you did, would anyone have to buy feed?"
- completely ridiculous
McLain vs. Real Estate Board of New Orleans correct answers - at this point, little Johnny's
lemonade stand is "impacting interstate commerce" and therefore is unconstitutional.
- even if he grows everything himself and is completely sustainable
- why? because if everyone did that, it would impact interstate commerce
- Interstate commerce can be purely local if it "substantially affects interstate commerce"
McCulloch vs. Maryland correct answers - John Marshall case
- Maryland is a slave state and a huge player in states' rights.
- Second National Bank gets sued by Maryland a tax statement
- Bank says "we don't have to pay taxes, the states can't tax the National Government"
- Maryland uses the 10th amendment
- here is born the Necessary and Proper excuse
- it's their "implied" power to operate tax free
- elastic clause, aka
Civil war and the Commerce Clause correct answers Civil war was fought for, in part, the
Commerce clause
- Abraham Lincoln assumed a LOT of powers
