primacy effect correct answers tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
state dependency effect correct answers tendency to recall info when your in the same state as you were when you learned info
misinformation effect correct answers incorporating misleading inf...
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primacy effect correct answers tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially
well
state dependency effect correct answers tendency to recall info when your in the same state as
you were when you learned info
misinformation effect correct answers incorporating misleading information into one's memory
of an event
dual-coding effect correct answers humans process and represent verbal and non-verbal
information in separate, related systems
Dual Coding Effect Example correct answers - participants saw pairs of items that differed in
roundness (tomato, goblet)
- asked to indicate which member of the pair was rounder
- objects presented as words, pictures, or word-picture pairs
- response time slowest for word-word pairs; intermediate for picture-word pairs; fastest for
picture-picture pairs
spreading activation theory correct answers the theory that the presentation of a stimulus triggers
activation of closely related nodes
source monitoring error correct answers occurs when a memory derived from one source is
misattributed to another source
concrete operational stage correct answers in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that
enable them to think logically about concrete events
Piaget's stages of cognitive development correct answers sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, formal operational
psychodynamic perspective correct answers the approach based on the view that behavior is
motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control
behaviorist perspective correct answers personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based
on a person's environment
trait approach correct answers attempts to identify personality characteristics or interpersonal
attributes that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers
Humanistic Perspective correct answers stresses the human capacity for self-fulfillment and the
importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choices
, unconditioned stimulus correct answers in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally
—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response correct answers In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally
occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the
mouth.
conditioned stimulus correct answers in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus
that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
conditioned response correct answers a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
discriminative stimulus correct answers in operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response
after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with
reinforcement)
signaling stimuli correct answers neutral stimuli that have the potential to be used as a
conditioning stimulus
positive punisher correct answers stimulus that weakens a response by presenting an aversive
stimulus after a response
negative punisher correct answers stimulus that weakens a response by removing a positive
stimulus after a response
interoceptive awareness correct answers sensitivity to stimuli arising from within the body, such
as heart rate
reticular activating system correct answers the part of the brain that is involved in attention,
sleep, and arousal
autonomic nervous system correct answers the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls
the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division
arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
limbic system correct answers A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of
the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression
and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and
hypothalamus.
somatic nervous system correct answers the division of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the body's skeletal muscles
operant conditioning correct answers a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if
followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
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