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Biology - Translation & Transcription Vocabulary with verified definitions 2024 latest update.
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Biology - Translation & Transcription Vocabulary with verified definitions 2024 latest update.
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Biology -Translation &
Transcription
Vocabulary with
verified
definitions 2024
latest update
5' cap - answer A modified form of guanine nucleotide
added onto the nucleotide at the 5' end of a pre-mRNA
molecule.
A site - answer One of a ribosome's three binding sites for
tRNA during translation. The A site holds the tRNA
carrying the next amino acid to be added to the
polypeptide chain. (A stands for aminoacyl tRNA.)
, Ames test - answer A biological assay to assess the
mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive
test indicates that the chemical might act as a carcinogen
(although a number of false-positives and false-negatives
are known). As cancer is often linked to DNA damage, the
test also serves as a quick assay to estimate the
carcinogenic potential of a compound since it is difficult to
ascertain whether standard carcinogen assays on rodents
were successful.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - answer A family of enzymes,
at least one for each amino acid, that catalyze the
attachment of an amino acid to its specific tRNA molecule.
anticodon - answer A specialized base triplet on one end
of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular
complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
auxotrophs - answer A nutritional mutant that is unable to
synthesize and that cannot grow on media lacking certain
essential molecules normally synthesized by wild-type
strains of the same species.
base-pair substitutions - answer A point mutation; the
replacement of one nucleotide and its partner from the
complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
codons - answer A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or
mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination
signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
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