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PRINCIPLES OF PHARM NURS8000 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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PRINCIPLES OF PHARM NURS8000 EXAM QUESTIONS WITHVERIFIED ANSWERS
What are receptors (target)?
specific chemicals in the body that drugs interact with to produce the effect
What do drugs do to molecules?
mimic or block the body's regulatory molecules. They CAN NOT give cells new
functions
What are agonists?
mimics the body's messengers (lock and key)
what are partial agonists?
produce a weaker response (stick key)
what are antagonists?
bind to receptors and block it (gum in the lock)
what's an example of an agonist?
morphine (analgesic effect)
what is an example of a partial agonist?
pentazocine (decreases powerful analgesic effect)
what is an example of an antagonist?
naloxone (effects of opioid peptides)
What is potency?
amount of medication needed to elicit an effect
,What does potency mainly deal with?
dose
What is high potency?
get maximal effect at a lower dose.
what is low potency?
get maximal effect at a lower dose
what is maximal efficacy?
maximal response a drug can produce
what is relative potency?
how much drug must be administered to elicit a desired response?
what are the four primary receptor families?
cell membrane-embedded enzyme, ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled
receptor system, and transcription factor
What occurs with a more selective drug?
fewer side effects
what can change the number and sensitivity of receptors to agonists?
continuous activation and continuous inhibition
What does continuous exposure to agonist do?
desensitized or refractory (downregulation)
what does continuous exposure to an antagonist produce?
hypersensitive and rebound reflex
what are some drugs that do not involve receptors?
antacids, antiseptics, saline laxatives, and chelating agents
, what does the therapeutic index measure?
drug safety
what makes a drug safer?
a larger/higher therapeutic index
what makes a drug less safe?
a smaller/lower therapeutic index
what is the ratio for the therapeutic index?
LD50(TD50)/ED50
what is LD50(TD50)?
average lethal (toxic) dose to 50% of animals treated
what is ED50?
effective dose in 50% of population
what are the different types of drug interactions?
drug-drug and drug-food
why do patients take more than one drug?
multiple drugs, multiple disorders, and over the counter meds
What are the four basic mechanisms drugs can interact?
direct chemical or physical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and combined
toxicity
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