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BIOLOGY 190L FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIOLOGY 190L FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIOLOGY 190 FINAL CUMULATIVEEXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Organization,ainformation,aenergyaandamatter,ainteractions,aevolution.aBiologistsaorganiz
eaeveryaformaofalifeaintoacategories,aandathereaisasoamuchainformationainsideaallalivingathin
gainatheacells.aForalifeatoacontinue,aworkamustabeadoneaandaworkarequiresaenergy.aEveryao
rganismainteractsawithaotheraorganisms.a-aans--
Whataareathea5aunifyingathemesaofaBiology?aInaaasentenceaoratwo,awhataisatheaconnection
aofaeachatoalife?
lifeaextendsafromamoleculesaandacells,atoatheaglobalascaleaofatheaentirealivingaplanet.a-
aans--Howadoabiologistadefinealife?
aaprocessaofabiologicalachangeainawhichaspeciesaaccumulateadifferencesafromatheiraance
storsaasatheyaadaptatoadifferentaenvironmentsaoveratime.a-aans--defineaevolution
Theyacomeafromaoneacommonaancestora-aans--
Howaareasimilaratraitsaamongadifferentaspeciesaexplained?
theamechanismabyawhichathisaevolutionatakesaplaceaisanaturalaselection,aandadiverseagrou
psaofaanimalsaevolveafromaoneaoraaafewacommonaancestors.aPrimaryacauseaisanaturalasel
ection.a-aans--
Whataareatheatwoaexplanationsaforaevolution?aWhataisatheaprimaryacauseaofaevolution?
Becauseaindividualsainaaapopulationavary,asomeainatheapopulationaareabetteraableatoasurvi
veaandareproduceagivenaaaparticularasetaofaenvironmentalaconditions.a-aans--
Explainatheastatement,a"Individualsadoanotaevolve,aonlyapopulationsaevolve"
Oxygen,acarbon,ahydrogen,anitrogena-aans--
Whata4aelementsamakeaupatheabulkaofalivingacells?
electrons,aprotons,aneutronsa-aans--
Describeathea3asubatomicaparticlesathatamakeaupaatoms?
polarameansaitahasaaachargeaonaoneasideaofatheamoleculeathataisanotacancelledaoutawithaaa
regionaofapartialachargeaoneaendaisaslightlyapositiveaandaoneaendaslightlyanegative,aasym
metrical.aNonpolarameansaequallyachargeda(theyashareaelectronsaequally)athereaareanoap
ositiveaoranegativeapoles,asymmetricala-aans--
Compareaandacontrastapolaraandanonpolaramolecules.
, theyadependaonatheachemicalabondingabetweenaatomsa-aans--
Whatadoesatheaformationaandafunctionaofamolecularabondsadependaupon?
wateraisaaapolaramoleculeabecauseaitaisamadeaupaofahighlyaelectronegativeaoxygenawhicha
attractsatheapositivelyachargedahydrogenaatoms.aThisaleadsatoaformaaahydrogenabondabec
auseatheacovalentabondacauseatheahydrogenatoahaveaaapartialapositiveachargeawhichamak
esaitaattractedatoaaadifferentaelectronegativeaatomanearby.a-aans--
Describeawhataitameansaforawateratoabeaaapolaramolecule.aExplainahowatheastructureaofaaa
wateramoleculealeadsatoatheaabilityatoaformahydrogenabonds.
covalentabondaisaaatypeaofastrongachemicalabondainawhichatwoaatomsashareaoneaoramorea
pairsaofavalenceaelectrons.aNoncovalentabondsadoanotashareavalenceaelectrons.aAnaionica
bondaresultsafromatheaattractionabetweenaoppositelyachargedaions.a-aans--
Describeatheatypesaofachemicalabondsa(covalentaandaionic)
Carbonaisatheamainaorganicacompoundainaallalivingaorganisms.a-aans--
Whyaisacarbonaimportantaforalivingaorganisms?
fats,acarbohydrates,aandaproteins.aAapolymeraisaaalongamoleculeaconsistingaofamanyasimil
araoraidenticalamonomersalinkedatogetherabyacovalentabonds.aMonomeraofacarbsaareamon
osaccharides,atheapolymersaofacarbsaareadisaccharidesaandapolysaccharidesa(glucose).a
Monomeraofafatsaisaglycerol,apolymeraisatriglycerides.aPolymersaofaproteinsaareapolypeptid
es,amonomersaareaaminoaacids.a-aans--
Listatheafouratypesaofamacromolecule.aWhichaareapolymers?aWhataareathearelevantamono
mers?aProvideaexamplesaandathearolesaeachaplayainacells.
3carbonaheadaanda3alongahydrocarbonatailsa-aans--
Explainatheastructureaofatriglyceridesa(fats).
aaprotein'saspecificastructureadeterminesahowaitaworks.atheafunctionaofaaaproteinadependsa
onaitsaabilityatoarecognizeaandabindatoasomeaotheramolecule.a-aans--
Whataisathearelationshipabetweenaproteinastructureaandafunction?
enzymes-accelerateachemicalareactions,adefensiveaproteins-
protectaagainstadisease,astorageaproteins-astoresaaminoaacids,atransportaproteins-
atransportaofasubstances,ahormonalaproteins-
coordinationaofaanaorganism'saactivities,areceptoraproteins-
aresponseaofacellatoachemicalastimuli,acontractileaandamotoraproteins-
amovementaofamuscles,astructuralaproteins-asupportahair,ahorns,afeathersaofaorganisms.a-
aans--Listatheamajorafunctionsaofatheaproteins
Theasugar-
phosphateabackbonesaareaonatheaoutsideaofatheahelix,atheanitrogenousabasesaareapairedai
natheainterioraofatheahelix.atheatwoastrandsaareaheldatogetherabyahydrogenabonds.a-aans--
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