100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
USMLE Step 3 Questions And Answers With Verified Updates $7.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

USMLE Step 3 Questions And Answers With Verified Updates

 9 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • USMLE Step 3
  • Institution
  • USMLE Step 3

Riboflavin deficiency - Riboflavin=B2 -angular stomatitis (changes at the angles of the mouth) -cheilosis (cracked lips) -glossitis -ocular problems (corneal neovascularization) -skin changes Babesiosis - -causes hemolytic anemia -severe in asplenic individuals -carried by Ixodes (deer) tic...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 40  pages

  • August 17, 2024
  • 40
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • USMLE Step 3
  • USMLE Step 3
avatar-seller
ACADEMICMATERIALS
USMLE Step 3

Riboflavin deficiency - Riboflavin=B2

-angular stomatitis (changes at the angles of the mouth)

-cheilosis (cracked lips)

-glossitis

-ocular problems (corneal neovascularization)

-skin changes



Babesiosis - -causes hemolytic anemia

-severe in asplenic individuals

-carried by Ixodes (deer) tick (like Lyme)

-dx with blood smear that shows tetrads of intraerythrocytic ring forms OR with PCR

-tx with clinda or quinine



Aeromonas hydrophila - This gram-negative bacterium is found in freshwater environments,
although it may also be present in brackish water. Infections are more likely to occur during warmer
weather. Soft tissue involvement and bacteremia/sepsis can develop in patients with underlying
immunocompromising diseases, including cirrhosis and cancer. The clinical presentations of infection
with Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas species can be quite similar. This organism is often susceptible to
fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, imipenem, aminoglycosides, and third-
or fourth-generation cephalosporins



5 causes of microcytic anemia - iron deficiency, lead poisoning, anemia of chronic disease (but
usually normocytic), thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia (can also have high MCV)



Abx safe in pregnancy - -PCNs

-cephalosporins

-aztreonam

-erythromycin

,-azithromycin



Abx with NO anaerobic coverage - aminoglycs, aztreonam, fluoroquinolones, oxacillin/nafcillin, all
cephalosporins EXCEPT cefoxitin and cefotetan



Acanthocytes on blood smear (looks like spur cell but with more rounded spurs) - liver disease,
hypothyroidism, alcoholism



Achalasia - -high tone LES

-bird's beak on barium swallow

-histology shows hypertrophied inner circular muscle with absence of ganglia of Auerbach's plexus

-tx with balloon dilation or surgery



Actinomyces - -normal immune system w/ facial or dental trauma

-dx with gram stain and confirm with anaerobic cx

-branching, filamentous bacteria (LIKE nocardia!)

-tx with PCN



Adequacy of sputum sample - <10 squamous cells and >25 leuks per LPF



Adjustment of levothyroxine in pregnancy - -INCREASE dose as soon as pregnancy is confirmed

-most pt.s require increase of 25-50%

-check TSH once a trimester

-checking T3 and T4 not effective b/c these levels are increased during pregnancy due to increased
thyroid-binding globulin



Adverse effects of NNRTIs - ??



efavirenz

,nevirapine



Adverse effects of NRTIs - lactic acidosis



zidovudine: anemia

didanosine: pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy

stavudine: pancreatitis and neuropathy

lamivudine: none

abacavir: rash

emtricitabine: none



Adverse effects of protease inhibitors - hyperglycemia

hyperlipidemia



indinavir: kidney stones

ritonavir

lopinavir

nelfinavir

saquinavir

darunavir

tipranavir

amprenavir

atazanavir




Alcoholic ketoacidosis - -AG acidosis

-increased osmolal gap

-ketonemia or ketonuria

-variable blood glucose level, but if higher than 250 think DKA

, -tx with IVF (D5NS) and thiamine



Alcoholic with PNA - strep pneumo, oral anaerobes, Klebsiella pneumo, Acinetobacter, M.
tuberculosis



Anaerobes - -metronidazole is BEST for abdominal anaerobes (carbapenems, piperacillin, and
ticarcillin have equal efficacy)

-cefoxitin and cefotetan are the ONLY cephalosporins

-respiratory anaerobes: clindamycin



Antibiotics for GNRs - Cephalosporins: cefepime, ceftazidime

PCNs: piperacillin, ticaricillin

Monobactam: Aztreonam

Quinolones: cipro, levo, gati, moxi

Aminoglycs: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

Carbapenems: imipenem, mero, erta



Antibiotics for MRSA - IV: vanc, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline;

if minor infection, can use oral: TMP/SMX, doxy, minocycline, or maybe clindamycin (there is inducible
resistance to clinda though)



Antibiotics for MSSA - Oxacillin/nafcillin, dicloxacillin (IV and oral), cefazolin (IV), cephalexin (oral)



Antibiotics for strep - PCN, ampicillin, amoxicillin



Antibiotics to use for Staph with PCN allergy - cephalosporins if rash only; macrolides,
clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, TMP/SMX



Antibody test for celiac disease - anti-endomysial, tissue transglutaminase (small bowel bx is best
though)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ACADEMICMATERIALS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart