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Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition (VanPutte, 2020), Chapter 1-29
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Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition (VanPutte, 2020), Chapter 1-29
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Chapters with Answers and Rationals
Tissues - ANSWER: Collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them
Body Tissues-4 types - ANSWER: Based on the structure of the cells, the composition of the
noncellular substances surrounding the cells, and the functions of the cells
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
Extracellular Matrix - ANSWER: The composition of the noncellular substances surrounding the cell.
Epithelial and Connective Tissue - ANSWER: Are the most diverse in form. Classified by structure,
including cell shape, relationship of cells to one another, and composition of the extracellular matrix.
Muscle and Nervous Tissue - ANSWER: Are also classified by structure as well as by functional
characteristics and location.
Tissues of the Body - ANSWER: Are interdependent.
Histology - ANSWER: Is the microscopic study of tissues.
Biopsy - ANSWER: The process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle
for diagnostic purposes.
Autopsy - ANSWER: is the postmortem examination of the organs to determine the cause of death or
to study the changes caused by a disease. Microscopic examination of tissue is often part of an
autopsy
-blast - ANSWER: bud or germ
embryonic stem cells - ANSWER: give rise to a new individual form a slightly elongated disk consisting
of two layers
1. epiblast
2. hypoblast
Cells of the epiblast - ANSWER: migrate between the two layers to form the three embryonic germ
layers
1. endoderm
2. mesoderm
3. ectoderm
germ layers because they give rise to all the tissues of the body
Endoderm - ANSWER: The inner layer, forms the lining of the digestive tract and its derivatives.
Mesoderm - ANSWER: middle layer; forms tissues such as muscle, bone and blood vessels
Ectoderm - ANSWER: Outer layer, forms skin and neuroectoderm
Neuroectoderm - ANSWER: becomes the nervous system
, Neural crest cells - ANSWER: Groups of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during
development; they give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment, the medulla of the
adrenal gland and many tissues of the face
Epithelial tissue - ANSWER: Epithelium, covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the
body.
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER: 1. mostly composed of cells
2. covers body surfaces
3. distinct tissue surfaces
4. cell and matrix connections
5. nonvascular
6. capable of regeneration
mostly composed of cells - ANSWER: -consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular
matrix between them
covers body surfaces - ANSWER: - covers body surfaces and forms glands that are derived
developmentally from body surfaces. ex: exterior surface, lining of digestive and respiratory tracts,
the heart and blood vessels, and lining of many body cavities
distinct tissue surfaces - ANSWER: most have one free or apical surface where the cells are exposed
and not attached to other cells. Often line the lumen of ducts, vessels, and cavities. Between cells is
the lateral surface and at the base of the tissue is the basal surface, which is attached to a basement
membrane.
Free Surface(apical) - ANSWER: where the cells are exposed and not attached to other cells.
Lateral Surface - ANSWER: Between the cells where cells are attached to other epithelial cells
Basal Surface - ANSWER: At the base of the tissue, which is attached to a basement membrane.
Basement Membrane - ANSWER: is a specialized type of extracellular material secreted by epithelial
and connective tissue cells. Helps attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue. Important role in
supporting and guiding cell migration during tissue repair. Usually porous.
Porous - ANSWER: Allows materials to pass through.
cell and matrix connections - ANSWER: Specialized cell contacts bind adjacent epithelial cells together
and to the extracellular matrix of the basement membrane.
Nonvascular - ANSWER: Blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue do not penetrate the
basement membrane to reach the epithelium. All gases and nutrients carried in the blood must reach
the epithelium by diffusing from blood vessels across the basement membrane. In tissues with many
layers of cells, diffusion must also occur across cells and the most metabolically active cells are close
to the basement membrane.
Regeneration - ANSWER: Epithelial tissue has the ability to regenerate and replace damaged cells with
new epithelial cells. Undifferentiated cells(stem cells) continuously divide and produce new cells. In
some types of epithelial tissues, such as those in the skin and the digestive tract, new cells
continuously replace cells that die.
Functions of epithelial tissue - ANSWER: 1. Protecting underlying structures
2. Acting as a barrier
3. Permitting the passage of substances
4. Secreting substances
5. Absorbing substances
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