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Porths Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris |
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Porths Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris |
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Complete Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States 10th Edition Test Bank Chapter 1-52 | Complete Guide 2024
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TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS OF ALTERED HEALTH STATES GROSSMAN 9TH EDITION
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Test bank For Porths Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris |9781496377555 | All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
GI reflux (GERD) what is it referring to and what does it cause? - ANSWER: GI Reflux refers to the
persistent backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus. It causes heartburn or pyrosis
(another term for heartburn)
When acid backflows into the esophagus it is an irritant to the lining of the esophagus, what does it
stimulate? - ANSWER: an inflammatory response
what is the GI reflux caused by? - ANSWER: an incompetent cardiac sphincter
What does the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) do? - ANSWER: it maintains pressure to prevent food
from coming up from the stomach
when the reflux of acid occurs it may cause the fluid to go into the mouth this taste is called what? -
ANSWER: acid indigestion
if there is an injury and an inflammatory response what condition can occur? - ANSWER: reflux
esophagitis
what can make reflux esophagitis severe? - ANSWER: if chyme or bile salts are contained in it
what does Esophagitis involve? - ANSWER: mucosal injury to the esophagus, hyperemia (decrease in
blood flow) and inflammation.
what are the functional units of the liver? - ANSWER: lobules
what is one of the most versatile and active organs in the body? - ANSWER: the liver
What are the functions of the liver? - ANSWER: - produces bile
-metabolizes hormones and drugs
-synthesizes plasma proteins and blood clotting factors
-stores vitamins and minerals
-maintains blood glucose levels
-regulates very-low density lipoprotein levels (VDRL)
what are the 4 generalized physiologic functions of the liver? - ANSWER: 1. metabolic functions
2. bile formation and flow
3. bilirubin formation and jaundice
4. Cholestasis
the liver oxidizes free fatty acids to.... - ANSWER: ketoacids
in fatty liver disease, fat accumulates in the .... - ANSWER: hepatocytes
the appearance of small, regular nodules on the surface of the liver is an indication of - ANSWER:
cirrhosis
alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by... - ANSWER: inflammation and necrosis of liver cells
the structures that are affected by cirrhosis in the liver are what? - ANSWER: -bile ducts
-hepatic portal veins
- liver parenchyma
in cirrhosis, normal liver tissue is replaced by_____ tissue. - ANSWER: Fibrous
, hormones released from their tissues of production reach their target cells via the _____. - ANSWER:
blood
when a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in
neighboring cells, it is demonstrating _______ signaling, - ANSWER: paracrine
the thyroid gland is located: - ANSWER: immediately anterior to the trachea
thyroid hormnone synthesis involves secretion of a glycoprotein called_____ by the follicular cells -
ANSWER: thyroglobulin
three alcohol induced conditions - ANSWER: 1. fatty liver disease
2. alcoholic hepatitis
3. cirrhosis
what happens in fatty liver disease? - ANSWER: fat accumulates in the liver cells (hepatocytes)
what happens in cirrhosis of the liver? - ANSWER: the normal architecture of the liver lobules is
destroyed
and destruction of the liver parenchyma occurs
in cirrhosis of the liver fibrous tissue replaces normal functioning liver tissue as a result what 2 things
happen? - ANSWER: 1. blood flow is disrupted in the blood channels
2. bile flow is disrupted in the billiary channels
what are hormones? - ANSWER: molecules and chemical messengers
what is hormone function closely linked to? - ANSWER: -nervous system function and the immune
system.
what do hormones act on? - ANSWER: specific and appropriate receptors found on target cells
what are the two types of receptors? - ANSWER: 1. cell surface receptors
2. intracellular nuclear receptors
what are cell surface receptors? - ANSWER: soluble in water and cannot pass through the bilipid layer
of a cell membrane.
the hormone is the first messenger it binds with a second messenger that appears within the
cytoplasm.
the second messenger acts as an enzyme activator.
what are intracellular receptors? - ANSWER: lipid soluble. they can cross cell membranes of target
cells directly.
how do thyroid hormones cross the cell membrane? - ANSWER: by diffusion or by a carrier
mechanism
what do thyroid hormones bind to and what does it increase? - ANSWER: they bind to the
mitochondria and increases the mitochondria's rates of ATP production.
what type of rhythms of secretion do Growth hormone (GH) and ACTH (adrenocortcotropic homrone)
have? - ANSWER: diurnal rhythms
what happens with hormones during positive feedback? - ANSWER: the hormone increases steadily
until a required level is reached. such as LH (luteinizing hormone)
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