Exam (elaborations)
Nursing 400 Final Exam combined study guides questions with Complete Solution1
- Course
- Institution
Nursing 400 Final Exam combined study guides questions with Complete Solution1
[Show more]
Content preview
Nursing 400 Final Exam combined study guidesquestions with Complete Solutions
what is the anatomy of otitis media (OM)? - ANSWER ~inflammation of middle ear
space with acute onset:
-associated with eustachian tube dysfunction
~moderate to severe bulging of TM and middle ear effusion
~common diagnosed in children:
-infants are at risk of OM because of short, horizontal, eustachian tubes
what are the risk factors of OM? - ANSWER ~predisposing:
-secondhand cigarette smoke
-age younger than 2 years
-drinking from bottle while lying down
-daycare attendance
~factors that increase risk:
-anatomic abnormalities of palate
-chronic hypersensitivity
what are the complications of OM? - ANSWER ~rupture of TM
~conductive hearing loss (temporary)
what is the treatment option for OM? - ANSWER ~antibiotics
what are the manifestations of Meniere's disease? - ANSWER ~intense vertigo with
accompanying N/V
~tinnitus
~pressure/fullness in ear
~fluctuating hearing loss
what are the clinical manifestations of otosclerosis? - ANSWER ~conductive hearing
loss
~possible reduced speech recognition ability
~tinnitus
~dizziness and/or imbalance
~aural fullness
~paracusis willisii: ability to hear better in noisy environment
what are the different types of sensorineural hearing loss? - ANSWER ~sensory
presbycusis
~neural presbycusis
~metabolic (strial) presbycusis
~mechanical (cochlear conductive) presbycusis
~mixed presbycusis
,*typically develops at multiple sites*
sensory presbycusis - ANSWER ~atrophy with loss of sensory hair cells and
supporting cells in organ of corti
~originates in basal turn of cochlea
~progresses toward apex
neural presbycusis - ANSWER ~loss of afferent neurons in cochlea and central
neural pathways
~estimated 2100 neurons lost in every decade of life
~loss is not noticeable until 90% of neurons are gone
metabolic presbycusis - ANSWER ~atrophy of stria vascularis, which is responsible
for health and biochemical balance of cochlea
mechanical presbycusis - ANSWER ~thickening of basilar membrane and organ of
corti of cochlea
mixed presbycusis - ANSWER ~individuals with presbycusis typically have mixture
of pathologic types
interventions for congenital hearing loss - ANSWER ~regular audiologic monitoring
~sensorineural hearing loss:
-traditional hearing aid
-cochlear implant
~conductive hearing loss:
-traditional hearing aid
-bone-conducting hearing aid
-osseointegrated hearing implant
interventions for conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~avoid touching their eyes
~wash hands frequently
~wash bedding and towels frequently
~individuals who wear contacts should wear glasses instead
viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER *most common*
~adenoviruses; herpes simplex virus
~resolves in 7-21 days
bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~resolves in 1 week
~symptoms persist up to 3 weeks
~topical antibiotics
allergic conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~not contagious
~treated with saline and/or oral & topical medications
cataracts - ANSWER cloudy or opaque discoloration of lens
, what are the symptoms of cataracts? - ANSWER ~onset very gradual, occurring
over course of years
~slow decrease in acuity
~cloudy or blurry vision
~dulling of color perception
~increasing difficulty with night vision
what are the causes of glaucoma? - ANSWER *increase in intraocular pressure
(IOP)*
~IOP elevates when:
-too much aqueous humor is produced
-aqueous humor in anterior chamber does not drain through trabecular meshwork at
sufficient rate
~over time, increased IOP:
-compresses retinal blood supply
-causes irreversible damage to retina and optic nerve
-leads to blindness
what is the pathophysiology of closed-angle glaucoma
(narrow-angle glaucoma)? - ANSWER *EMERGENCY!!!*
~outflow of aqueous humor halted, causing rapid and extreme elevation in IOP
~less common than open-angle glaucoma
what are symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma? - ANSWER ~dilated pupil
~a "steamy" looking cornea
~redness
~pain
glaucoma medications - ANSWER ~beta-adrenergic blockers
~alpha2 adrenergic agonists
~prostaglandin analogs
~osmotic agents
~carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
~direct-acting cholinergic (muscarinic) agonist
~carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide
beta-adrenergic blockers MOA - ANSWER ~decrease IOP by decreasing the
amount of aqueous humor produced
alpha2 adrenergic agonists MOA - ANSWER ~decreases production while
increasing outflow of aqueous humor to lower IOP
prostaglandin analogs MOA - ANSWER ~reduces IOP by increasing aqueous
humor outflow through relaxation of ciliary muscle
osmotic agents MOA - ANSWER ~decreases IOP by making the plasma hypertonic,
thus drawing fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller leonardmuriithi061. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now