TESU BIO-208 The Science of Nutrition Questions and Answers
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Course
TESU BIO-208
Institution
TESU BIO-208
diet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related conditions and diseasediet-related condit...
TESU BIO-208 The Science of Nutrition
Questions and Answers
health
✓ ~~~ according to the World Health Organization, a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
disease
✓ ~~~ an abnormal condition that affects the health of an organism, and is characterized
by specific signs and symptoms
health triangle
✓ ~~~ physical, mental, and social aspects of health
diet-related conditions and diseases
✓ ~~~ obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, osteoporosis
1980s
✓ ~~~ when US federal government developed diet-focused public policy
carbohydrates
✓ ~~~ energy and fiber source
protein
✓ ~~~ structural building blocks
fat
, ✓ ~~~ energy storage, cell repair
water
✓ ~~~ solvent and lubricant, transport of nutrients, temperature regulation
vitamins
✓ ~~~ involved in chemical reactions
minerals
✓ ~~~ involved in enzyme functions, nerve impulses, bone structure
✓ ~~~ carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; can be metabolically processed into cellular
energy; energy comes from their chemical bonds
calorie
✓ ~~~ unit of measurement of food energy
kilocalorie
✓ ~~~ one thousand calories, denoted with a C
water
, ✓ ~~~ a macronutrient that does not yield calories; body is 60%
carbohydrates
✓ ~~~ made of C, H, and O; 4 C/g
fast-releasing carbs
✓ ~~~ simple sugars - sucrose and glucose
slow-releasing carbs
✓ ~~~ branched or unbranched chains of simple sugars
glucose
✓ ~~~ can be stored in the body for future use; in humans: glycogen; in plants: starch
fiber
✓ ~~~ cannot be digested by human body; may be broken down by gut bacteria
lipids
✓ ~~~ also composed of C, H, and O but insoluble in water; store energy, serve as cell
membrane, surround and protect organs, aid temperature regulation; 9 C/g
proteins
✓ ~~~ consist of chains of amino acids, composed of C, H, O, and N; "workhorses of life";
provide structure and contribute to chemical reactions; over 100,000 types exist in body; 4
C/g
micronutrients
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